An adolescent girl with premature ovarian failure, Graves’ disease, and chronic urticaria: a case report

Abstract

Background Premature ovarian failure is characterized by amenorrhea, hypoestrogenism, and hypergonadotropinism, and occurs in women under 40 years of age. The prevalence of premature ovarian failure in women younger than 20 years of age is only 0.01%. Immune disorders are one of the causes of premature ovarian failure. Graves’ disease and chronic urticaria are also associated with immune disorders. Case presentation We report a case of a 15-year-old Han Chinese girl with premature ovarian failure complicated by Graves’ disease and chronic urticaria. She experienced menarche at 13 years of age and presented with amenorrhea after 7 months of irregular menstruation. Laboratory examinations indicated hypoestrogenism and hypergonadotropinism. Ultrasound imaging revealed that her uterus and ovaries were small in size. Gene and antibody tests related to premature ovarian failure returned negative results. Both thyroid peroxidase autoantibody and thyrotropin receptor antibody were positive. After reviewing the literature on the relationship between these three diseases and immune disorders, our patient was diagnosed as having atypical autoimmune polyglandular syndrome. After taking small doses of estrogen for 6 months, the size of her uterus increased, and her psychological anxiety was relieved. Conclusions We report a case of an unusual association of premature ovarian failure, Graves’ disease, and chronic urticaria. This case presents an atypical combination of adolescent autoimmune polyglandular syndrome, which is worthy of the attention of clinicians and presents an important lesson for them. Our case highlights that premature ovarian failure in adolescents requires long-term follow-up and medical treatment as well as psychological counselling.

Meta-analysis of related factors of premature ovarian failure based on computer

“…Many scholars found that eating vegetables regularly is also a protective factor to prevent POF, because fresh green leafy vegetables are rich in vitamins, minerals, cellulose and other nutrients needed by human body, and plant-derived estrogen rich in vegetables has the effect of resisting premature ovarian failure. Some scholars also believe that regular consumption of soy products has the effect of anti-ovarian aging, which may be due to the fact that soy products are rich in plant-derived estrogens such as protein and soybean isoflavones, so women should eat more vegetables, soy products and other foods to protect their ovaries [9][10]. As shown in Table 2:…”

Ovarian Decellularized Bioscaffolds Provide an Optimal Microenvironment for Cell Growth and Differentiation In Vitro

“…Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a common endocrine disease that leads to early menopause and infertility. It has an incidence of 0.1% in women under 20 years of age and increases to 1.0-1.5% in subjects younger than 40 years [1][2][3]. Radiotherapy, chemotherapy, viral infections, environmental factors, metabolic and autoimmune disorders, and genetic alterations represent some of the potential causes identified so far.…”

Risk of chronic spontaneous urticaria in reproductive‐aged women with abnormal uterine bleeding: A population‐based cohort study

“…Patients with AUB have also been reported to be associated with CSU. However, the evidence is limited to either case reports or cross‐sectional studies 19–21 . Sex hormones, such as estrogen or progesterone, may cause inflammatory and immune reactions in CSU 22 .…”

“…However, the evidence is limited to either case reports or cross-sectional studies. [19][20][21] Sex hormones, such as estrogen or progesterone, may cause inflammatory and immune reactions in CSU. 22 Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this phenomenon, including mast cell secretion influenced by sex hormone fluctuation during the menstrual cycle, progestogen hypersensitivity, and autoimmune-related mast cell degranulation with histamine release.…”