Preliminary Pharmacologic Evaluation of Spigelia anthelmia Aerial Parts

Wagner, H.; K, Seegert; Odenthal, K.P.; Espósito-Avella, Mario; Villarreal, Elizabeth; Solı́s, Pablo; Gupta, Mahabir P.

doi:10.3109/13880209309082910

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The LD 50 of the ethanol extract of Spigelia anthelmia Linn plant suggests that this extract is only slightly toxic to rats. The signs of toxicity observed were similar to those reported by Wagner et al [ 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The result of the acute toxicity studies carried out in this study is in sharp contrast to the reports by Dalziel [ 6 ] and Oliver [ 14 ] who showed that this plant is toxic in its fresh state via the oral route and is capable of causing death in domestic animals within one to two hours. Wagner et al [ 17 ], reported an LD 50 of 222 mg/kg body weight in rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dried material (500 g) was pulverized into powder using a Lab mill machine in clean containers and labeled for easy identification. The plant was extracted using the cold method reported by Wagner et al [ 17 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The residue was then partitioned using chloroform and water. The aqueous phase was further partitioned using ethylacetate [ 17 ], and the aqueous fraction was concentrated in a water bath. The solid extract obtained was removed and stored in labeled beakers at 4℃ until required.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anthelmintic efficacy of extracts ofSpigelia anthelmiaLinn on experimentalNippostrongylus braziliensisin rats

et al. 2006

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Spigelia anthelmia Linn is used as a herb and is a common annual weed of cultivation in open re-growths, on unused land in towns as well as on road sides. The plant can grow to approximately 30 cm in height. The aim of this study was to screen extracts of Spigelia anthelmia for their anthelmintic activity against an experimental Nippostrongylus braziliensis infection in rats. Acute oral toxicity occurred at a dose of 1,140mg/kg, while anthelmintic trials against Nippostrongylus braziliensis in rats using the aqueous fraction showed a progressive decrease in worm count with increasing dose (10, 13, 16, 20 and 25 mg per kg body weight) (p < 0.05). At 25 mg per kg body weight, the worm count was significantly lower than that at 10mg per kg body weight (p < 0.05).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anthelmintic efficacy of extracts ofSpigelia anthelmiaLinn on experimentalNippostrongylus braziliensisin rats

et al. 2006

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“…The dried roots were then pulverized into powder using a Waring commercial laboratory blender (South Africa), placed in clean containers and labelled for easy identification. Extraction of the powder was carried out according to the method of Wagner et al (1993), using methanol as the solvent. Briefly, 500 g of the powder was packed in 2-l flasks, 1 l 80 % methanol added, and extraction allowed to take place for 3 days.…”

Section: Plant Collection Extraction and Fraction Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential of Elephantorrhiza elephantina as an anthelminthic in goats

Maphosa

Masika

2012

Parasitol Res

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Elephantorrhiza elephantina Bruch. Skeels. is used by farmers in the Eastern Cape Province to control helminths in goats. An in vitro study revealed efficacy of its fractions against adult Haemonchus contortus. This study was conducted to validate efficacy of fractions in vivo, on gastrointestinal nematodes in naturally infected goats. A total of 36 goats (18 males and 18 females) between ages of 8 and 12 months were used; these were randomly assigned to six treatments (A-F). For treatments A and B, goats received Prodose orange® (Albendazole 1.92 % m/v, closantel 3.94 % mv) at 2 ml/10 kg and distilled water at 0.5 ml/kg per os, respectively, whereas those under treatments C to E received aqueous fractions of E. elephantina at concentrations of 12. 5, 25, 50 and 75 mg/ml, dosed at 2 ml/10 kg. On days 1, 28 and 56, faecal samples were collected for faecal egg counts (FEC) and larval count, blood samples taken for packed cell volume (PCV) and body weights recorded to assess weight changes. The aqueous fraction caused highest the total faecal egg count reductions (TFECR) % of 81.7 %, 96.8 % and 98.6 % at doses of 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg, respectively, on day 56. This was comparable to the commercial drug Prodose orange®, which caused TFECR% of 94.9 % at the same time. The fraction also caused reduction of Haemonchus contortus and strongyloides larvae at all dose levels, but these were not significantly different (P > 0.05) to the negative control. There was an increase in body weights of animals at dose concentrations of 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg. Animals receiving the fraction had weight increases of between 3 and 4 kg by end of experiment (over 56 days), but those drenched with Prodose orange ® gained by less than 2 kg. The fraction also increased PCV levels at all doses on days 28 and 56 and this was comparable to the group on commercial drug. The reductions of FEC and worm larvae, as well as increase in PCVs are indicative that E. elephantina posses some antihelmintic properties against gastrointestinal parasites in goats. With a minimum dose concentration of 25 mg/ml being effective, this means that farmers can use little material. Increase in weight gain revealed in this study may indicate that the plant may have some nutritional value; further study is therefore called for to validate the plant for its nutritive value.

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Anthelmintic screening of fractions of Elephantorrhiza elephantina root extract against Haemonchus contortus

Maphosa

Masika

2011

Trop Anim Health Prod

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In the previous work conducted, it was found that the root extract of Elephantorrhiza elephantina (Bruch.) Skeels. exhibited good anthelmintic efficacy against eggs and larvae of Haemonchus contortus. This study was therefore undertaken to screen fractions of the extracts of E. elephantina for their anthelmintic activity against adult H. contortus using a bioactivity-guided assay. The adult worm bioassay was conducted using aqueous, hexane and ethyl acetate fractions of the plant extracts at concentrations of 0.312, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/ml in vitro. Albendazole and distilled water were used as positive and negative control, respectively. In vitro treatment of adult worms revealed concentration and time-dependent efficacy of the fractions of E. elephantina. The aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions showed a highly significant (P<0.05) motility inhibition at concentrations of 2.5 mg/ml and above after 6 h of exposure, while the hexane fraction showed a significant (P<0.05) motility inhibition at concentrations of 5 mg/ml and above. After 30 h of exposure, all the fractions showed insignificant (P>0.05) inhibition of motility. The fractions of E. elephantina also showed mortality indexes that were not significantly different to each other, as well as to the commercial drug (albendazole). Overall, the ethyl acetate and the aqueous fractions were found to possess the highest anthelmintic activity. We therefore recommend future studies to further investigate effective dosages of these fractions in vivo, as well as a full investigation into the compounds responsible for the biological activity.

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Preliminary Pharmacologic Evaluation of Spigelia anthelmia Aerial Parts

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Anthelmintic efficacy of extracts ofSpigelia anthelmiaLinn on experimentalNippostrongylus braziliensisin rats

Anthelmintic efficacy of extracts ofSpigelia anthelmiaLinn on experimentalNippostrongylus braziliensisin rats

The potential of Elephantorrhiza elephantina as an anthelminthic in goats

Anthelmintic screening of fractions of Elephantorrhiza elephantina root extract against Haemonchus contortus

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