Preliminary mercury emission estimates from non–ferrous metal smelting in India

Kumari, Ragini

doi:10.5094/apr.2011.058

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Indian coal has a high reported ash content, exacerbating already low plant efficiency and increasing mercury emissions per unit energy . Moreover, the mercury content of Indian coal may be highly variable. − , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of the Minamata Convention on Mercury Emissions and Global Deposition from Coal-Fired Power Generation in Asia

Giang

Stokes

Streets

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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ABSTRACT:We explore implications of the United Nations Minamata Convention on Mercury for emissions from Asian coal-fired power generation, and resulting changes to deposition worldwide by 2050. We use engineering analysis, document analysis, and interviews to construct plausible technology scenarios consistent with the Convention. We translate these scenarios into emissions projections for 2050, and use the GEOS-Chem model to calculate global mercury deposition. Where technology requirements in the Convention are flexibly defined, under a global energy and development scenario that relies heavily on coal, we project ∼90 and 150 Mg·y −1 of avoided power sector emissions for China and India, respectively, in 2050, compared to a scenario in which only current technologies are used. Benefits of this avoided emissions growth are primarily captured regionally, with projected changes in annual average gross deposition over China and India ∼2 and 13 μg·m −2 lower, respectively, than the current technology case. Stricter, but technologically feasible, mercury control requirements in both countries could lead to a combined additional 170 Mg·y −1 avoided emissions. Assuming only current technologies but a global transition away from coal avoids 6% and 36% more emissions than this strict technology scenario under heavy coal use for China and India, respectively.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of the Minamata Convention on Mercury Emissions and Global Deposition from Coal-Fired Power Generation in Asia

Giang

Stokes

Streets

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Factories in our LUR model include sewage treatment plants, waste incineration plants, livestock farms, and heavy metal products companies. Studies showed that the possible anthropogenic inputs of mercury to urban land were the application of fertilizers, the fly ash from coal boilers, disposal of residential solid waste, disposal of municipal incinerator ash, sewage sludge, the production of non-ferrous metals, and other sources [94,100,101]. Therefore, it is reasonable for mercury concentrations in soils increasing with the number of factories.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence, Distribution and Risk Assessment of Mercury in Multimedia of Soil-Dust-Plants in Shanghai, China

Liu

Song

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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The urban environment is a complex ecosystem influenced by strong human disturbances in multi-environmental media, so it is necessary to analyze urban environmental pollutants through the comprehensive analysis of different media. Soil, road dust, foliar dust, and camphor leaves from 32 sample sites in Shanghai were collected for the analysis of mercury contamination in soil–road dust–leaves–foliar dust systems. Mercury concentrations in surface soils in Shanghai were the highest, followed by road dust, foliar dust, and leaves, successively. The spatial distribution of mercury in the four environmental media presented different distribution patterns. Except for the significant correlation between mercury concentrations in road dust and mercury concentrations in leaves (r = 0.56, p < 0.001), there was no significant correlation between the other groups in the four media. Besides this, there was no significant correlation between mercury concentrations and land types. The LUR (Land use regression) model was used to assess the impact of urbanization factors on mercury distribution in the environment. The results showed that soil mercury was affected by factories and residential areas. Foliar dust mercury was affected by road density and power plants. Leaf mercury was affected by power plants and road dust mercury was affected by public service areas. The highest average HI (Hazard index) value of mercury in Shanghai was found in road dust, followed by surface soil and foliar dust. The HI values for children were much higher than those for adults. However, the HI values of mercury exposure in all sampling sites were less than one, suggesting a lower health risk level. The microscopic mechanism of mercury in different environmental media was suggested to be studied further in order to learn the quantitative effects of urbanization factors on mercury concentrations.

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“…It is mainly present in the atmosphere as gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), originating from natural and anthropogenic sources. The release of mercury from the earth’s crust, geothermal activities, volcano emissions, and evasion from soil and plant surfaces correspond to the most significant natural sources of mercury emission. , Coal burning, cement and chlor-alkalis production, primary production of nonferrous metals, and artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) are among the main anthropogenic sources. − In ASGM, metallic mercury used for gold amalgamation is released into the atmosphere when heated to obtain pure gold, and these activities are estimated to be responsible for more than 35% of the total emissions. − Human exposure to GEM in ASGM is a severe health concern as it can affect the nervous central system and kidneys . Furthermore, when reaching aquatic environments, inorganic mercury can be biotransformed to methylmercury, a more toxic Hg species that bioaccumulates and biomagnifies along the food chain. , For a human being, dietary exposure to methylmercury can result in adverse consequences involving extreme fetal abnormalities and neurotoxicity. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Sensor for Direct Detection of Gaseous Elemental Mercury

Santos,

de Barros,

dos Santos

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM�Hg 0 (g) ) is a highly toxic global pollutant with environmental and human health effect concerns. Monitoring the GEM released in gold mining operation regions is extremely necessary. Herein, we develop an indirect surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-miniaturized sensor for the direct detection of Hg 0 (g) using gold nanorods (AuNRs) and rhodamine 6G as a probe molecule. SERS spectra show a suppressed signal after exposure to Hg 0 (g) in different concentrations caused by the morphologic transition of the nanorods to spheres. Discrete dipole approximation (DDA) and density functional theory (DFT) simulations reveal that the energetic phenomena involved during the Au−Hg amalgam formation process can lead to drastic changes in the AuNR's plasmonic characteristic, suppressing the SERS signal. This effect is the key to achieving the high performance to detect Hg 0 (g) until 0.08 μg. Additionally, the SEM-EDS results confirmed the AuNR's morphological changes after exposure to Hg 0 (g) , and principal component analysis and root-mean-square error reveal the high sensitivity, mainly for the lower amount of Hg 0 (g) (0.08−1.02 μg), corroborating the DDA and DFT simulations whose Au−Hg alloy formation on the AuNR's surface is energetically more favorable, occurring more quickly and efficiently than the diffusion process. Moreover, these results show nanorod structures are more efficient than spherical ones.

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Preliminary mercury emission estimates from non–ferrous metal smelting in India

Cited by 18 publications

References 18 publications

Impacts of the Minamata Convention on Mercury Emissions and Global Deposition from Coal-Fired Power Generation in Asia

Impacts of the Minamata Convention on Mercury Emissions and Global Deposition from Coal-Fired Power Generation in Asia

Occurrence, Distribution and Risk Assessment of Mercury in Multimedia of Soil-Dust-Plants in Shanghai, China

Indirect Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Sensor for Direct Detection of Gaseous Elemental Mercury

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