Preliminary In-Vivo Probe Measurements of Electrical Properties of Tumors in Mice

Burdette, Everette C.; Seals, J.; Toler, James Curtis; Cain, F. L.; Magin, Richard L.

doi:10.1109/mwsym.1977.1124453

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Peloso et al (1984) measured rat tumour in vitro at 1 MHz to 1 GHz and found no significant difference to normal tissue. Others report results in the microwave frequency range where the differences between normal and tumour tissue stem primarily from differences in water content (Schepps and Foster 1980, Zywietz and Knoechel 1986, Burdette et al 1977. There are no known reports on in vivo measurements of electrical conductivity of hepatic tumours at audio and radio frequencies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivoelectrical conductivity of hepatic tumours

et al. 2003

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Knowledge of electrical tissue conductivity is necessary to determine deposition of electromagnetic energy and can further be used to diagnostically differentiate between normal and neoplastic tissue. We measured 17 rats with a total of 24 tumours of the K12/TRb rat colon cancer cell line. In each animal we measured in vivo hepatic tumour and normal tissue conductivity at seven frequencies from 10 Hz to 1 MHz, at different tumour stages between 6 and 12 weeks after induction. Conductivity of normal liver tissue was 1.26 +/- 0.15 mS cm(-1) at 10 Hz, and 4.61 +/- 0.42 mS cm(-1) at 1 MHz. Conductivity of tumour was 2.69 +/- 0.91 mS cm(-1) at 10 Hz, and 5.23 +/- 0.82 mS cm(-1) at 1 MHz. Conductivity was significantly different between normal and tumour tissue (p < 0.05). We determined the percentage of necrosis and fibrosis at the measurement site. We fitted the conductivity data to the Cole-Cole model. For the tumour data we determined Spearman's correlation coefficients between the Cole-Cole parameters and age, necrosis, fibrosis and tumour volume and found significant correlation between necrosis and the Cole-Cole parameters (p < 0.05). We conclude that necrosis within the tumour and the associated membrane breakdown is likely responsible for the observed change in conductivity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivoelectrical conductivity of hepatic tumours

et al. 2003

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“…Stuchly et a1 1982a). We would anticipate that they would also apply to related geometries such as those discussed by Burdette et a1 (1977), Toler and Seals (1977) and Burdette et a1 (1980) who present results of the RF and MW complex permittivities of lossy materials measured by small (b< 1.1 mm) monopole probes (similar to figure 1 with the inner conductor extended by a short length).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

A critical study of the open-ended coaxial line sensor technique for RF and microwave complex permittivity measurements

Grant

Clarke

Symm

et al. 1989

J. Phys. E: Sci. Instrum.

170

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An HP 8510 automatic network analyser and a six-port reflectometer have been used with a purpose-built calculable open-ended coaxial line sensor to measure the reflection coefficients of various materials, including dielectric reference liquids, in the frequency range 50 MHz-2.0 GHz. Factors crucial for calculable measurements have been identified including associated measurement uncertainties. The reference material measurements have been used in critical studies of (i) a commonly employed lumped equivalent circuit model of the fringing fields of the sensor, and (ii) a numerical point-matching theory of the propagating and evanescent modes at the termination of the sensor. The equivalent circuit model is shown, both theoretically and experimentally, to be generally inadequate for the full range of complex permittivities and frequencies which the sensor could otherwise cover. The point-matching theory has been used to predict the reference material reflection coefficients and the agreement with the expected behaviour measured for deionised water is to within 0.007 and 0.7" for the magnitude and phase of the reflection coefficient, respectively. An inverse solution based on the point-matching theory has been developed to derive complex permittivity from reflection coefficients and it has been used to measure various polar liquids. We conclude that the inverse point-matching theory should enable a more widespread and accurate exploitation of the sensor technique for various applications including those in biomedicine and industrial quality control.

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“…Cancer detection using microwaves has many advantages compared with current alternative methods, in terms of small sensing volume, real-time detection, safety and low cost. Many researchers have developed an RF probe to measure biological information such as a cancer [1][2][3][4]. Our group has also studied methods of measuring the permittivity of biological tissue using an RF MEMS probe [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A hybrid RF MEMS probe array system with a SP3T RF MEMS silicon switch for permittivity measurement

Kim¹,

Cheon²,

Kwon³

et al. 2008

J. Micromech. Microeng.

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This paper reports a hybrid RF MEMS probe array system for permittivity measurements. A single-pole triple-throw (SP3T) RF MEMS silicon switch and a novel surface micromachined transmission line with three planar apertures were designed, fabricated and measured. These MEMS devices were connected using wire bonding and bond wire effects were cancelled as a consequence of in-liquid calibration of the whole system. A permittivity measurement of 0.9% saline was made by operating each RF MEMS silicon switch. The measured result showed good agreement with the reference value from the Cole–Cole equation up to 20 GHz. This result shows the feasibility of the proposed hybrid RF MEMS probe array system for permittivity measurements.

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Preliminary In-Vivo Probe Measurements of Electrical Properties of Tumors in Mice

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

In vivoelectrical conductivity of hepatic tumours

In vivoelectrical conductivity of hepatic tumours

A critical study of the open-ended coaxial line sensor technique for RF and microwave complex permittivity measurements

A hybrid RF MEMS probe array system with a SP3T RF MEMS silicon switch for permittivity measurement

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