Preliminary Findings on the Interactive Effects of IV Ethanol and IV Nicotine on Human Behavior and Cognition: A Laboratory Study

Ralevski, Elizabeth; Perry, Edward; D’Souza, Deepak Cyril; Bufis, Vanessa; Elander, Jacqueline; Limoncelli, Diana; Vendetti, Michael S.; Dean, Erica; Cooper, Thomas B.; McKee, Sherry A.; Petrakis, Ismene L.

doi:10.1093/ntr/ntr258

Cited by 28 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Greater pleasurable effects of smoking cigarettes when drinking alcohol may occur with lower levels of alcohol consumption. Alcohol has biphasic stimulant and sedative effects, and nicotine has been found to attenuate the sedative/hypnotic effects of heavy alcohol consumption (Perkins et al 2000, Ralevski et al 2012). Attenuation of sedative effects may be a motivation for the co-use of tobacco and alcohol most relevant to binge drinking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Young adults report increased pleasure from smoking cigarettes when drinking alcohol but not when using marijuana

Gubner

Thrul

Kelly

et al. 2017

Addiction Research & Theory

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Background Among young adults, cigarette smoking is strongly associated with alcohol and marijuana use. The present study compared self-reported co-use of cigarettes and alcohol versus cigarettes and marijuana among young adults using cross-sectional survey data. Methods Participants were young adult cigarette smokers (age 18 to 25) who also reported past month alcohol or marijuana use enrolled in a randomized trial testing a smoking cessation intervention on Facebook. Participants self-reported extent of cigarette smoking under the influence of alcohol or marijuana and differences in perceived pleasure from cigarette smoking when drinking alcohol compared to using marijuana. Results Among cigarette smokers who drank alcohol and used marijuana in the past month (n=200), a similar percentage of cigarettes were smoked under the influence of alcohol (42.4%±31.2%) and marijuana (43.1% ±30.0%). Among alcohol + marijuana users, perceived pleasure from smoking cigarettes was significantly greater when drinking alcohol versus when using marijuana (t(199)=7.05, p<0.001). There was, on average, an increase in perceived pleasure from smoking cigarettes when drinking alcohol, though perceived pleasure did not differ by binge drinking frequency. In contrast, there was on average no change in perceived pleasure from smoking cigarettes when using marijuana. Results from the cigarette smokers who used alcohol + marijuana were similar to cigarette smokers who only used alcohol (n=158) or only used marijuana (n=54). Conclusion Findings highlight greater perceived reward from smoking cigarettes when drinking alcohol compared to when using marijuana, informing smoking cessation interventions that target users of multiple substances.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Young adults report increased pleasure from smoking cigarettes when drinking alcohol but not when using marijuana

Gubner

Thrul

Kelly

et al. 2017

Addiction Research & Theory

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“…In human laboratory studies examining alcohol-tobacco interactions, fixed-dose nicotine has been investigated for its effects on subjective responding to alcohol and alcohol self-administration. Laboratory studies assessing nicotine administration on alcohol-related outcomes demonstrate increased craving to drink (33, 42), and decreased subjective effects of alcohol (43, 44), including attenuated changes in stimulation (43) and sedation (43, 44). Fixed-dose nicotine administered via nasal spray (20 μg/kg/presentation) resulted in an attenuation of the intoxicating and sedating effects of alcohol in daily smokers who were moderate drinkers.…”

Section: Dosing In the Human Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In that study, nicotine administration was preceded by a moderate, fixed-dose of alcohol (0.5 g/kg), and the combination of nicotine and alcohol had additive effects on attenuated subjective responses to alcohol and nicotine alone, but enhanced effects in women only (43). More recently, fixed-dose administration of IV nicotine demonstrated an attenuation of the sedative-like effects of IV alcohol administration in healthy, social drinkers (44). In contrast, nicotine lozenge (4 mg) demonstrated no effect on alcohol cue-reactivity (25) in dependent and non-dependent smokers who were also social drinkers.…”

Section: Dosing In the Human Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of alcohol and tobacco/nicotine interactions in the human laboratory

Verplaetse

McKee

2016

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse

113

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Alcohol use disorders and tobacco use contribute significant risk to the global burden of disease, and each are major public health concerns. Together, alcohol and tobacco use are highly comorbid and have multiplicative health risks when used concurrently, underscoring the importance of examining alcohol-tobacco interactions in the human laboratory. The aims of this review were to summarize the state of research examining alcohol-tobacco interactions in the human laboratory, including 1) craving in drinkers and smokers exposed to smoking or drinking cues, 2) fixed-dosing of alcohol or nicotine in smokers and drinkers, and 3) smoking and alcohol influences on selfadministration behaviors. The interactive effects of tobacco/nicotine with other drugs of abuse are also briefly discussed. Overall, results identified that alcohol and tobacco have reciprocal influences on potentiating craving, subjective responses to fixed-dose alcohol or nicotine administration, and self-administration. The literature identified that alcohol increases craving to smoke, decreases time to initiate smoking, and increases smoking self-administration. Similarly, tobacco and nicotine increase alcohol craving, decrease subjective effects of alcohol, and increase alcohol consumption. Future studies should continue to focus on alcohol and tobacco/nicotine interactions in individuals with a wide scope of drinking and smoking histories, different states of alcohol and nicotine deprivation, and influences of either drug on craving, subjective responses, and consumption over the course of the blood alcohol curve. This work could have important implications for the impact of alcohol-tobacco interactions on guiding clinical practice, as well as in the changing landscape of addiction.

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“…Research exploring the factors responsible for this association have identified many potential candidates, including shared genetic risk and neural circuitry (Connor et al, 2007; Li et al, 2007), common experiences and personality traits (Elliott et al, 2014; Jackson et al, 2002; VanderVeen et al, 2013), as well as the impact of combined alcohol and nicotine on mood, cognition and substance use motivation (Braun et al, 2012; Oliver et al, 2013; Ralevski et al, 2012). Once a pattern of dual alcohol and nicotine use is established, associative conditioning processes may contribute to its maintenance (Drobes, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive manifestations of drinking–smoking associations: Preliminary findings with a cross-primed Stroop task

Oliver

Drobes

2015

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background Despite tremendous growth in research examining the role of cognitive bias in addictive behaviors, scant consideration has been paid to the close association between smoking and drinking behavior. This study sought to determine whether an association between smoking and drinking could be observed at an implicit level using a novel cognitive bias task, as well as characterize the relationship between performance on this task and clinically relevant variables (i.e., heaviness of use/dependence). Methods Individuals (N = 51) with a range of smoking and drinking patterns completed a modified Stroop task in which participants identified the color of drinking, smoking and neutral words that were each preceded by drinking, smoking or neutral picture primes. Participants also provided information regarding the heaviness of their smoking and drinking behavior and completed self-report measures of alcohol and nicotine dependence. Results Response times to smoking and drinking words were significantly slowed following the presentation of either smoking or drinking picture primes. This effect did not differ across subgroups. However, the strength of the coupling between smoking and drinking prime effects was greater among heavier drinkers, who also exhibited a concordant looser coupling of the effects of smoking and drinking primes on smoking words. Conclusions Associations between smoking and drinking can be observed at an implicit level and may be strongest for heavier drinkers.

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Preliminary Findings on the Interactive Effects of IV Ethanol and IV Nicotine on Human Behavior and Cognition: A Laboratory Study

Abstract: The data showed that nicotine had an effect on subjective alcohol effects but did not reverse and actually worsened alcohol-induced deficits in memory.

Cited by 28 publications

References 72 publications

Young adults report increased pleasure from smoking cigarettes when drinking alcohol but not when using marijuana

Young adults report increased pleasure from smoking cigarettes when drinking alcohol but not when using marijuana

An overview of alcohol and tobacco/nicotine interactions in the human laboratory

Cognitive manifestations of drinking–smoking associations: Preliminary findings with a cross-primed Stroop task

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