Preliminary Excavations in the Gardens of Hadrian's Villa: The Canopus Area and the Piazza d'Oro

Jashemski, Wilhelmina F.; Ricotti, Eugenia Salza Prina; Foss, J. E.

doi:10.2307/505186

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Further surveys are necessary to confirm the existence of such a deep structure. Instead, the pattern of ditches illustrated in Figure 19 provides a very good representation of the system of irrigation ducts and planting pits described by Reference [34] and indicates the presence of a garden surrounding the Plutonium. The integration of the different data sources presented in the previous section allowed us to draw a realistic layout of the tunnel network beneath the Plutonium-Inferi area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Reconstruction of a Segment of the UNESCO World Heritage Hadrian’s Villa Tunnel Network by Integrated GPR, Magnetic–Paleomagnetic, and Electric Resistivity Prospections

et al. 2019

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Hadrian’s Villa is an ancient Roman archaeological site built over an ignimbritic tuff and characterized by abundant iron oxides, strong remnant magnetization, and elevated magnetic susceptibility. These properties account for the high-amplitude magnetic anomalies observed in this site and were used as a primary tool to detect deep archaeological features consisting of air-filled and soil-filled cavities of the tuff. An integrated magnetic, paleomagnetic, radar, and electric resistivity survey was performed in the Plutonium-Inferi sector of Hadrian’s Villa to outline a segment of the underground system of tunnels that link different zones of the villa. A preliminary paleomagnetic analysis of the bedrock unit and a high-resolution topographic survey by aerial photogrammetry allowed us to perform a computer-assisted modelling of the observed magnetic anomalies, with respect to the archaeological sources. The intrinsic ambiguity of this procedure was reduced through the analysis of ground penetrating radar and electric resistivity profiles, while a comprehensive picture of the buried archaeological features was built by integration of the magnetization model with radar amplitude maps. The final subsurface model of the Plutonium-Inferi complex shows that the observed anomalies are mostly due to the presence of tunnels, skylights, and a system of ditches excavated in the tuff.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Reconstruction of a Segment of the UNESCO World Heritage Hadrian’s Villa Tunnel Network by Integrated GPR, Magnetic–Paleomagnetic, and Electric Resistivity Prospections

et al. 2019

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“…At Villa A at Oplontis, W. Jashemski found a well-preserved half-amphora re-used as a planting pot behind one of the statue bases in the sculpture garden beside the swimming pool. 100 The roots of the plant that had been propagated in it decayed after the eruption of A.D. 79, and Jashemski took a root cast.…”

Section: Amphoras Re-used As Planting Pots and Air-layeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

A commercial nursery near Abu Hummus (Egypt) and re-use of amphoras for the trade in plants.

2012

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Advances in archaeological techniques have made possible an increasingly detailed study of carbonized plants, pollen and other botanical remains, but an understanding of how plants (rather than foodstuffs or spices) moved through the Roman world and how they were traded has lagged behind. 1To date, much of the research on plants during the Roman era in Egypt has focused on foodstuffs from sites on its E coast. The Beheira Survey, conducted by M. Kenawi in 2008-11, 2 is the first project to look at the Western Delta in detail. 3 In documenting 63 sites, the work has created the first comprehensive archaeological maps, identifying several wine 4 and olive-oil production centres, and broadening our knowledge of the local economy. This paper argues that a complex within the survey area near Abu Hummus, excavated by H. Riad in 1960, was a nursery. Other examples of nurseries that raised plants, to be transplanted into the gardens of houses, villas, estates and temples, will also be reviewed, as well as the types of vessels used for the propagation of plants in nurseries, and their transport. The plant trade in Hellenistic and Roman EgyptAthenaeus praises Egypt's temperate climate, which allowed for excellent gardening all year round, including roses and other flowers. There was such an abundance in the winter of 275/274 B.C. that the floor of Ptolemy II Philadelphus' tent could be covered in a carpet of petals (Deip. 5.196d). This implies at least one, if not several, large flower farms in or around Alexandria to supply them.Administrative papyri demonstrate that highly specialized, intensive horticultural and agricultural production existed in the Ptolemaic period, especially in the Fayum. 5 As is evident from the Zenon papyri (the correspondence between the administrator Apollonius and Zenon, the manager of his estate in Philadelphia), by the mid-3rd c. B.C., live plant stocks could be obtained in quantities in the Western Delta sufficient to supply the demand for their use for propagation elsewhere. In order to stock the garden (paradeisos), vineyard and orchards of his estate at Philadelphia, Apollonius obtained suckers of vines, olives and other fruit trees grown at Memphis and in the district of Alexandria, 6 as well as from Fayum villages such as Crocodilopolis, 7 and sent them to Zenon for propagation. Nut and fruit trees were grown in nurseries in Memphis and planted in Apollonius' 1 Macaulay-Lewis 2010. 2 The Beheira Survey formed the subject of Kenawi's doctoral research under the supervision of E. Papi and M. de Vos Raaijmakers.

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“…The GPR profile of Figure 16 shows a large hyperbole at 7 m offset, generated by a metallic lid covering the skylight [6]. Figure 15 provides a very good representation of the system of irrigation ducts and planting pits described by [22] and indicates the presence of a garden surrounding the Plutonium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstruction of a Segment of the UNESCO World Heritage Hadrian’s Villa Tunnel Network by Integrated GPR, Magnetic-Paleomagnetic, and Electric Resistivity Prospections

Ghezzi¹,

Schettino²,

Pierantoni³

et al. 2019

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The UNESCO World Heritage Hadrian’s Villa lies over the Colli Albani volcanic district near Rome. Magnetic, paleomagnetic, radar, and electric resistivity surveys were performed in the Plutonium–Inferi sector to detect buried buildings and outline a segment of the underground system of tunnels that link different zones of the villa. In particular, a paleomagnetic analysis of the bedrock unit allowed to accomplish an accurate geomagnetic field modelling and characterize the archaeological sources of the magnetic field anomalies. We used a computer-assisted forward modelling procedure to generate a structural model of the sources of the observed anomalies. The intrinsic ambiguity of the magnetic field modelling was reduced with the support of ground penetrating radar amplitude slices and an analysis of radar and electric resistivity profiles. The bedrock lithology in this area is an ignimbrite tuff characterized by abundant iron oxides. The high-amplitude magnetic anomalies observed in the Plutonium–Inferi area are due to strong bedrock remnant magnetization and susceptibility contrasts between topsoil infill of cavities and the surrounding tuff. The resulting magnetization model of the Plutonium–Inferi complex shows that the observed anomalies are mostly due to the presence of tunnels, skylights and a system of ditches excavated in the tuff.

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Preliminary Excavations in the Gardens of Hadrian's Villa: The Canopus Area and the Piazza d'Oro

Cited by 13 publications

References 1 publication

Reconstruction of a Segment of the UNESCO World Heritage Hadrian’s Villa Tunnel Network by Integrated GPR, Magnetic–Paleomagnetic, and Electric Resistivity Prospections

Reconstruction of a Segment of the UNESCO World Heritage Hadrian’s Villa Tunnel Network by Integrated GPR, Magnetic–Paleomagnetic, and Electric Resistivity Prospections

A commercial nursery near Abu Hummus (Egypt) and re-use of amphoras for the trade in plants.

Reconstruction of a Segment of the UNESCO World Heritage Hadrian’s Villa Tunnel Network by Integrated GPR, Magnetic-Paleomagnetic, and Electric Resistivity Prospections

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Preliminary Excavations in the Gardens of Hadrian's Villa: The Canopus Area and the Piazza d'Oro

Cited by 13 publications

References 1 publication

Reconstruction of a Segment of the UNESCO World Heritage Hadrian’s Villa Tunnel Network by Integrated GPR, Magnetic–Paleomagnetic, and Electric Resistivity Prospections

Reconstruction of a Segment of the UNESCO World Heritage Hadrian’s Villa Tunnel Network by Integrated GPR, Magnetic–Paleomagnetic, and Electric Resistivity Prospections

A commercial nursery near Abu Hummus (Egypt) and re-use of amphoras for the trade in plants.

Reconstruction of a Segment of the UNESCO World Heritage Hadrian&rsquo;s Villa Tunnel Network by Integrated GPR, Magnetic-Paleomagnetic, and Electric Resistivity Prospections

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Reconstruction of a Segment of the UNESCO World Heritage Hadrian’s Villa Tunnel Network by Integrated GPR, Magnetic-Paleomagnetic, and Electric Resistivity Prospections