Preliminary evaluation of a novel energy-resolved photon-counting gamma ray detector

Meng, Ling Jian; Tan, Jiawei; Spartiotis, Konstantinos; Schulman, T.

doi:10.1109/nssmic.2008.4775175

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The designed anode is bump bonded to an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) based on a modification of the MGC700T2 design developed by Ajat Oy Ltd [41]. This work further builds on the benchtop CdTe detector design reported on by Meng et al by enabling the HPWF readout method [42]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hybrid Pixel-Waveform (HPWF) Enabled CdTe Detectors for Small Animal Gamma-Ray Imaging Applications

Gröll

Kim

Bhatia

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. Radiat. Plasma Med. Sci.

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This paper presents the design and preliminary evaluation of small-pixel CdTe gamma ray detectors equipped with a hybrid pixel-waveform (HPWF) readout system for gamma ray imaging applications with additional discussion on CZT due to its similarity. The HPWF readout system utilizes a pixelated anode readout circuitry which is designed to only provide the pixel address. This readout circuitry works in coincidence with a high-speed digitizer to sample the cathode waveform which provides the energy, timing, and depth-of-interaction (DOI) information. This work focuses on the developed and experimentally evaluated prototype HPWF-CdTe detectors with a custom CMOS pixel-ASIC to readout small anode pixels of 350 μm in size, and a discrete waveform sampling circuitry to digitize the signal waveform induced on the large cathode. The intrinsic timing, energy, and spatial resolution were experimentally evaluated in this paper in conjunction with methods for depth of interaction (DOI) partitioning of the CdTe crystal. While the experimental studies discussed in this paper are primarily for evaluating HPWF detectors for small animal PET imaging, these detectors could find their applications for ultrahigh-resolution SPECT and other imaging modalities.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each hybrid is composed of a CdTe crystal with a pixelated anode bump-bonded to a 2048 (32 × 64)-channel ASIC to read out the anode pixels. Each pixelated element is 350 μm × 350 μm in size [42]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Pixel-Waveform (HPWF) Enabled CdTe Detectors for Small Animal Gamma-Ray Imaging Applications

Gröll

Kim

Bhatia

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. Radiat. Plasma Med. Sci.

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“…The pixel pitch size is 0.35mm × 0.35mm and the intrinsic energy resolution of the ERPC detector is around 3kev at 140kev events. We have previously reported the performance of the first generation ERPC ASICs in [3]. The ASICs in the Gen-II ERPC detectors allow for a much lower low energy threshold, and incorporates three gain levels for handle different gamma ray energies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meier et al have reported an MR-compatible SPECT system based on CZT detectors [1] and an MRSPECT system is developed by Hamamura et al [2]. We have previously developed a sub-500μm resolution prototype MR compatible system based on the first generation energy-resolved photon-counting (ERPC) CdTe detectors [3-4]. It offers spatial resolution of 350μm and energy resolution of 3-4kev.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First imaging result with an ultrahigh resolution stationary MR compatible SPECT system

Cai

Shen

Zhang

et al. 2012

2012 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference Record (NSS/MIC)

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In this paper, we will present the design and preliminary performance of an ultrahigh resolution stationary MR compatible SPECT (MRC-SPECT) system that is developed in our lab. The MRC-SPECT system is based on the second-generation energy-resolved photon-counting (ERPC) CdTe detectors and there are several key features associated with this system. Firstly, up to a total of twenty ERPC detectors will be assembled as a very compact ring, which provides an adequate angular sampling capability and a relatively high detection efficiency. The detectors are supported on a gantry made of high strength polyamide structure constructed using 3-D printing. This compact system can be directly operated inside an MR scanner. The detector module used in this system offers an intrinsic resolution of 350μm and an excellent energy resolution of around 3~4kev. Each ERPC detector module consists of four pixelated CdTe detectors with a total dimension of 4.5cm×2.25cm. Secondly, a die-cast platinum pinhole inserts and cast lead apertures are developed for this stationary SPECT system. Four 300/500μm diameter pinholes are used for each detector and all pinholes are mounted around a casted cylinder lead aperture tube. The inner diameter of the lead aperture tube is 6cm and the lead tube thickness is 16mm. The opposite detectors are placed 15.6cm apart and the magnification factor of this SPECT system is about 1.2. Thirdly, a comprehensive charge collection model inside strong magnetic field has been developed to account for the magnetic field induced distortion in the SPECT image. This model can accurately predict the detector’s energy and spatial response to gamma ray incident events and then help to compensate for the event position recording error due to the strong magnetic field. In this development, we have made an effort to minimize the amount of magnetic materials in the system to alleviate potential interference to magnetic field inhomogeneity.

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“…These detectors have either been based on direct detection of gamma rays in semiconductor material (e.g. Matteson et al (1997), Barber (1999), He et al (1999), Wagenaar et al (2003), Kataoka et al (2005), Ponchut et al (2005), Accorsi et al (2008), Meng et al (2009b), Peterson et al (2009) and Russo et al (2009)), scintillation detection employing high-resolution position-sensitive light sensors (e.g. Menard et al (1998), Fiorini et al (2003), Lees et al (2003), Beekman and De Vree (2005), Nagarkar et al (2006), Miller et al (2006), Soesbe et al (2007) and Meng and Fu (2008)) or even a combination of both (Miyata et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An enhanced high-resolution EMCCD-based gamma camera using SiPM side detection

et al. 2010

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Electron-multiplying charge-coupled devices (EMCCDs) coupled to scintillation crystals can be used for high-resolution imaging of gamma rays in scintillation counting mode. However, the detection of false events as a result of EMCCD noise deteriorates the spatial and energy resolution of these gamma cameras and creates a detrimental background in the reconstructed image. In order to improve the performance of an EMCCD-based gamma camera with a monolithic scintillation crystal, arrays of silicon photon-multipliers (SiPMs) can be mounted on the sides of the crystal to detect escaping scintillation photons, which are otherwise neglected. This will provide a priori knowledge about the correct number and energies of gamma interactions that are to be detected in each CCD frame. This information can be used as an additional detection criterion, e.g. for the rejection of otherwise falsely detected events. The method was tested using a gamma camera based on a back-illuminated EMCCD, coupled to a 3 mm thick continuous CsI:Tl crystal. Twelve SiPMs have been mounted on the sides of the CsI:Tl crystal. When the information of the SiPMs is used to select scintillation events in the EMCCD image, the background level for 99m Tc is reduced by a factor of 2. Furthermore, the SiPMs enable detection of 125 I scintillations. A hybrid SiPM-/EMCCD-based gamma camera thus offers great potential for applications such as in vivo imaging of gamma emitters.

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Preliminary evaluation of a novel energy-resolved photon-counting gamma ray detector

Cited by 13 publications

References 22 publications

Hybrid Pixel-Waveform (HPWF) Enabled CdTe Detectors for Small Animal Gamma-Ray Imaging Applications

Hybrid Pixel-Waveform (HPWF) Enabled CdTe Detectors for Small Animal Gamma-Ray Imaging Applications

First imaging result with an ultrahigh resolution stationary MR compatible SPECT system

An enhanced high-resolution EMCCD-based gamma camera using SiPM side detection

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