Preliminary analysis of the protein profile in saliva during physiological term and preterm delivery

Abstract

From a clinical point of view, easily obtainable and useful markers of a particular pathological status are required for appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Analysis of the proteomic profile of saliva may allow for the selection of potential marker of preterm delivery in humans. Saliva samples were collected from 12 patients diagnosed with threatened preterm delivery and 10 controls with uncomplicated pregnancies at the same gestational age. Samples were analysed using 2D electrophoresis. Based on statistical analysis, spots of interest were selected and collected from gels. Subsequently, spots were decoloured and proteins were identified by mass spectrometry using the matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight technique. The results of identification were compared with the Swiss-Prot database. A total of 1,393 spots were detected in the present study with 59 significantly different between control and preterm samples. Increased intensity of staining of 32 spots was observed in the premature delivery group compared with control patients and 27 spots were stained more intensely in the control group compared with the premature delivery group. A total of nine spots, which were significantly different between examined samples were identified and three of them exhibited increased intensity of staining in premature delivery group compared with controls, including dedicator of cytokinesis protein 1, metallothionein-2, guanylyl cyclase-activating protein 1. The six remaining spots included, epithelial-stromal interaction protein 1, serum albumin, tyrosine-tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic, protein chibby homolog 3, leukemia inhibitory factor receptor and adenosylhomocysteinase 3, and exhibited increased intensity of staining in healthy controls compared with premature delivery group. Further studies with an increased number of patients and identification of the complete protein profile are required to confirm the results of the present study and applicability of saliva as a source of disease biomarkers.

Salivary proteome signatures in the early and middle stages of human pregnancy with term birth outcome

“…Our 34 study participants who fulfilled the inclusion criteria for this study represent the semi-urban population of a northern state in India. The median age of the participants was 23 (interquartile range (IQR) 20, 23) years and 24 (IQR,22,25) years respectively for the discovery and the validation cohorts (Table 1). All subjects delivered at term and had a baby with appropriate body weight for age ( Table 1).…”

“…Similarly, the level of anti-inflammatory protein Annexin-1 in the saliva is shown to be elevated in pregnant women with gingivitis 21 . Recent 2D-gel based-proteomics analysis of saliva from pregnant women who deliver premature babies has identified a Metallothionein 2 (MT2A) protein as a potential marker for preterm birth prediction 22 .…”

Comparative Analysis of Saliva and Plasma Proteins Patterns in Pregnant Cows—Preliminary Studies

“…Human studies, however, provided many examples of the use of saliva parameters as diagnostic tools in the estimation of delivery time [ 52 , 53 ].…”

Saliva, hair, tears, and other biological materials obtained non-invasively for diagnosis in pregnancy: a literature review

“…One study found that MT2A present in saliva could be a potential biomarker for the risk of premature delivery. Notwithstanding this, additional research is necessary to confirm these results [46].…”

“…Salivary MDA and the inactivation of ALDH could be biomarkers for OS in the oral cavity. Screening the saliva of pregnant women for OS biomarkers could prove beneficial for oral health problems, gestational diabetes, or even premature delivery [46]. One study found that MT2A present in saliva could be a potential biomarker for the risk of premature delivery.…”