Prehypertension Increases the Risk for Renal Arteriosclerosis in Autopsies

Abstract

Information regarding the association between prehypertension BP level and renal arteriosclerosis is limited. In 652 consecutive population-based autopsy samples without hypertension treatment before death, the relationship between the severity of renal arteriosclerosis and BP levels classified according to the criteria of the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure was examined. The age-and gender-adjusted frequencies of renal arteriosclerosis linearly increased with elevating BP levels; both hypertensive and prehypertensive subjects had significantly higher frequencies of renal arteriosclerosis than subjects with normal BP (normal 11.9%; prehypertension 28.5%; stage 1 hypertension 32.9%; stage 2 hypertension 58.2%; all P Ͻ 0.01 versus normal). In a logistic regression model, prehypertension was significantly associated with renal arteriosclerosis after adjustment for other cardiovascular risk factors (prehypertension multivariate-adjusted odds ratio [mOR] . This significant association was observed for all renal arterial sizes. The similar association was also observed for arteriolar hyalinosis. When the subjects were divided into those with and those without target organ damage, the impact of prehypertension on renal arteriosclerosis was similar for both groups (subjects without target organ damage mOR 5.04 [95% CI 1.36 to 18.62]; subjects with target organ damage mOR 6.42 [95% CI 1.29 to 32.04]). These findings suggest that both hypertension and prehypertension are associated significantly with the severity of renal arteriosclerosis, regardless of the presence or absence of target organ damage.

Association between prehypertension and chronic kidney disease in the Japanese general population

“…18 Much as in other previous reports worldwide, [14][15][16] older age, higher prevalence of men, and obesity or obesity-related metabolic abnormalities were more prevalent in subjects with prehypertension than those with optimal BP (Table 2). These characteristics could partly explain the cardiovascular risk of prehypertesion; 15-17 however, our data show that the association between CKD and prehypertension with high-normal BP in men is independent of these confounders.…”

Prehypertension, Hypertension and Associated Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Adult Congolese Urban Dwellers: Results of the Vitaraa Study

“…Prehypertension and hypertension were associated in most cases with at least two additional cardiovascular risk factors thus enhancing the odds to develop cardiovascular events [9] [19] [20] [42] [43]. The risk in subjects with prehypertension has been attributed to endothelial dysfunction, increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and gamma glutamyl-transferase, oxidative stress, and structural remodelling of the myocardium in comparison to subjects with blood pressure in the normal range [9] [23] [44]- [47]. Unlike other studies [11] [37] [48] [49] the rates of diabetes mellitus were similar in our three blood pressure categories whereas in accordance with most reports [18] Our results should be interpreted within the limitations of the present work.…”

The Inverse Relationship between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Intima-Media Thickness with Prehypertensive Middle-Aged Women

“…In addition, aortic dilation assessed by magnetic resonance imaging and intravascular ultrasound was significantly reduced in the prehypertensive group (Toikka et al 2002). In the prehypertensive group, increased CIMT, new development of atherosclerosis, and reduced diastolic function were observed (Ninomiya et al 2007). In addition, a longitudinal study of prehypertensive patients found that they were at high risk for cardiovascular diseases and stroke (Liszka et al 2005;De Marco et al 2009).…”

“…In addition, decreased arterial elasticity, increased CIMT and increased development of atherosclerosis were observed in the prehypertension group (Ninomiya et al 2007). Therefore, hypertension increases the risk, not only for cardiovascular diseases, but also for cerebrovascular diseases (Hsia et al 2007;De Marco et al 2009).…”