Pregnancy: Association of Risk and Protection Factors in Adolescence

Abstract

Introduction: Low back pain is a symptom with biopsychosocial implications with the potential to reach the whole individual. The school-age coincides with an important period in human development and in which inequalities and compensation resulting from poor posture or structural changes may increase the chance of the emergence of pain. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of low back pain among adolescents. Methods: The sample consisted of 166 adolescents between 11 and 18 years of age (86 girls and 80 boys) enrolled in a private school in a town in the state of Piauí, in the academic year 2012. A structured questionnaire with closed questions on gender and low back pain aspects was used. Results:Almost 80% of the students reported the presence of low back pain in the past year, and nearly half (41.3%) reported pain classified as 3,according tofaces pain scale.About two-thirds of the adolescents (63.1%) said they did not fail to perform their daily activities due to pain.There was no statistically significant association between gender and low back pain (p = 0.117) or pain intensity (p = 0.065), although for the latter a variable marginal p-value was found.

The effectiveness of couple-centered counseling on the anxiety and concerns of pregnant adolescents

“…Since the fertility rate shows a decline in Iran [6], It should be noted that pregnant adolescents need special planning in addition to routine prenatal care [7,8]. Although there is contradictory evidence regarding the relationship between the biological immaturity of adolescent mothers and adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes [9], the young maternal age during pregnancy is still considered an important factor in adverse consequences of pregnancy [10,11]. Dual biological changes in adolescence and pregnancy may increase one's psychophysical vul-nerability [12].…”

Depression and anxiety in pregnant adolescents

“…For some adolescents in situations of great social vulnerability, for example, the child may represent renewed perspectives for the present and for the future, which may be a personal protective factor for the adolescent mother. 4 Depression is a public health problem that generates high costs, but it is treated with disregard by public health policy authorities. It is highly prevalent, being the most common mental disorder in primary care services, with a prevalence of 10% to 20%, and it can affect any age group.…”