Pregnancy-associated glycoprotein and decreased polymorphonuclear leukocyte function in early post-partum dairy cows

Dosogne, Hilde; Burvenich, Christian; Freeman, A.E.; Kehrli, Marcus E.; Detilleux, Johann; Sulon, Joseph; Beckers, J. F.; Hoeben, Dagmar

doi:10.1016/s0165-2427(98)00215-3

Cited by 59 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…believed to be at least influenced by hormonal and metabolic changes associated with pregnancy, parturition, and onset of lactation [57,61,62,87,126,147,148,162,185,226].…”

Section: Stage Of Lactationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severity of E. coli mastitis is mainly determined by cow factors

et al. 2003

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-Intramammary infections of dairy cows with Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (major cause of mastitis) have received a lot of attention because of their major economic impact on the dairy farm through production losses induced by an increase in somatic cell count. Management strategies, including greater awareness for efficient milking and hygienic measures, have limited the spread of Gram-positive bacteria and resulted in a significant decrease of proportion of S. aureus isolates and subclinical mastitis worldwide. Other organisms such as coliform subspecies and Streptococcus uberis, both environmental bacteria that cause clinical mastitis, have received less attention. Escherichia coli causes inflammation of the mammary gland in dairy cows around parturition and during early lactation with striking local and sometimes severe systemic clinical symptoms. This disease affects many high producing cows in dairy herds and may cause several cases of death per year in the most severe cases. It is well known that bacterial, cow and environmental factors are interdependent and influence mastitis susceptibility. Many studies, executed during the last decade, indicate that the severity of E. coli mastitis is mainly determined by cow factors rather than by E. coli pathogenicity. During E. coli mastitis, the host defense status is a cardinal factor determining the outcome of the disease. Today, we know that the neutrophil is a key factor in the cows' defense against intramammary infection with E. coli. Effective elimination of the pathogen by neutrophils is important for the resolution of infection and the outcome of E. coli mastitis. This review is a compilation of some major findings over the last 15 years concerning mainly host factors that modulate and influence neutrophil function and the mammary inflammatory reaction. The individual chapters address: virulence factors of E. coli strains, how neutrophils kill E. coli, connection between endotoxins, tumor necrosis factor-a and nitric oxide, severity classification of E. coli mastitis, lifespan of neutrophils, host factors that influence severity, tissue damage and production loss.

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“…believed to be at least influenced by hormonal and metabolic changes associated with pregnancy, parturition, and onset of lactation [57,61,62,87,126,147,148,162,185,226].…”

Section: Stage Of Lactationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severity of E. coli mastitis is mainly determined by cow factors

et al. 2003

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“…Vaccination with paternal lymphocytes results in a shift towards a Th2 response and is associated with successful pregnancy in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortions [42]. In dairy cows, modulation of PMN function by placenta-derived glycoproteins has been found [7,16], but their role in immune modulation during coliform mastitis is not completely understood. The phenomenon that pregnancy can modulate the immune response towards Th2 could therefore explain the decreased capacity to mount an adequate Th1 response during coliform mastitis in early postpartum dairy cows.…”

Section: Role Of Pregnancy and Ageing In The Polarization Of The Immumentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential mechanism of action of J5 vaccine in protection against severe bovine coliform mastitis

2002

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-Coliform mastitis is one of the most difficult diseases to treat in the modern dairy industry. Curative therapy with antibiotics remains only moderately effective and depends on the stage at which the disease is treated. The most successful strategies for combating coliform mastitis appear to be prevention by hygienic management or prophylactic immunization. The severity of clinical symptoms of coliform mastitis has been shown to be reduced by immunization with the Escherichia coli J5 vaccine. However, although the J5 vaccine has been licensed in the United States for about 10 years, the immunological basis of its mechanism of action is still unknown. Until now, protection by J5 vaccination has often been explained by a straightforward mechanism of enhanced antibody production resulting in increased opsonization of coliform bacteria and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The possibility that J5 vaccination could decrease risk factors for coliform mastitis such as impaired blood polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocyte (PMN) diapedesis has never been investigated. This review provides arguments to support the hypothesis that J5 vaccination may reduce the severity of coliform mastitis by inducing a condition of mammary gland hyper-responsiveness, characterized by a T helper 1 (Th1) response and mediated by memory cells inside the mammary gland, finally resulting in enhanced PMN diapedesis upon an intramammary infection. dairy cow / coliform mastitis / J5 vaccine / T cell / immune response Résumé -Mécanismes d'action possibles du vaccin J5 dans la protection contre la mammite coliforme sévère de la vache laitière. La mammite coliforme est une des maladies les plus difficiles à traiter dans l'industrie laitière moderne. La thérapie curative avec des antibiotiques reste peu efficace, dépendant du stade de la maladie. Les stratégies les plus efficaces pour combattre la mammite semblent être la prévention par des mesures d'hygiène ou la prophylaxie vaccinale. La sévérité des symptômes cliniques de la mammite coliforme peut être réduite par immunisation avec le vaccin Escherichia coli J5. Cependant, alors que le vaccin J5 a été mis sur le marché aux États-Unis depuis (32) 9 2647321; fax: (32) 9 2647499; e-mail: christian.burvenich@rug.ac.be environ 10 ans, les bases immunologiques de son mécanisme d'action ne sont pas connues. Jusqu'à présent, la protection par le vaccin J5 a souvent été attribuée à un simple mécanisme de stimulation de la production d'anticorps résultant en une augmentation de l'opsonization des bactéries coliformes et des lipopolysaccharides (LPS). La possibilité que la vaccination avec J5 pourrait diminuer les facteurs de risque de la mammite coliforme, tels qu'une diapédèse insuffisante des leucocytes neutrophiles polymorphonucléaires (PMN) sanguins, n'a jamais été étudiée. Cet article de synthèse cite des arguments supportant l'hypothèse que la vaccination avec J5 pourrait réduire la sévérité de la mammite coliforme en induisant une hyper-sensibilité de la glande mammaire. Celle-ci serait caractér...

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“…It has been demonstrated that around calving some impairment of immune defences can be observed [8,12]. This impairment increases the frequency of reproductive, production and udder diseases, as shown experimentally and under field conditions [1,4,5,7,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of blood and milk non-specific immune parameters in heifers after calving in relation to udder health

et al. 2005

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-A practical protocol to study udder immune status in field conditions was planned with the aim to assess different non-specific immune parameters in milk samples from dairy heifers during the periparturient period. Five herds located in northern Italy were selected and overall 39 heifers were enrolled in the trial. Milk samples were taken at 7, 14, 21, 28, 45, 60, and 75 days after calving. The parameters assessed were N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (NAGase), lysozyme, respiratory burst (RB), somatic cell counts (SCC) and serum protein profile. SCC and NAGase were higher in the first sampling after calving, while lysozyme showed large variations during the observation period without a definite trend. The levels of RB observed in the first two weeks after calving, even if lower, were not statistically different from the values observed in samples taken over the following weeks. This study confirmed that the levels of immune components in milk are different from what is observed at blood level in the same cow. A significant decrease in RB in milk polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) post-calving was not observed; milk PMN from healthy cows showed low RB levels, while the values from infected quarters were significantly higher. Significant differences between healthy and infected animals were also observed for milk NAG, lactoglobulin and albumin. These data suggest that udder immune response could be influenced both by the cow immune status and by external factors such as pathogens and management. Therefore, the reduction in immune defences, particularly in heifers, is not unavoidable and methods to boost PMN activity should be explored.heifers / periparturient period / blood milk / non-specific immunity

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Pregnancy-associated glycoprotein and decreased polymorphonuclear leukocyte function in early post-partum dairy cows

Cited by 59 publications

References 22 publications

Severity of E. coli mastitis is mainly determined by cow factors

Severity of E. coli mastitis is mainly determined by cow factors

Potential mechanism of action of J5 vaccine in protection against severe bovine coliform mastitis

Comparison of blood and milk non-specific immune parameters in heifers after calving in relation to udder health

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