Prefrontal pathways target excitatory and inhibitory systems in memory-related medial temporal cortices

Bunce, Jamie G.; Barbas, Helen

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.01.064

Cited by 32 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…Our results suggest that BSI can serve as a top-down control mechanism to rapidly and parametrically modulate a perceptual decision. This finding suggests a specific functional role of long-distance top-down projection onto GABAergic inhibitory neurons, which has recently been documented for pathways from the prefrontal cortex to other parts of the brain (Barbas et al 2005;Bunce and Barbas 2011;Medalla et al 2007). …”

supporting

confidence: 63%

“…Indeed, various studies have suggested that the prefrontal cortex plays a critical role in top-down executive control (Asplund et al 2010;Isoda and Hikosaka 2007;Miller and Cohen 2001;Ridderinkhof 2004;Tomita et al 1999). Long-range excitatory projections from the prefrontal cortex to posterior cortical areas target both pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurons (Barbas et al 2005;Bunce and Barbas 2011;Medalla et al 2007). The recipient inhibitory neurons could in turn target pyramidal cells and thus instantiate the inhibitory part of a top-down BSI (Vogels and Abbott 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Speed-accuracy tradeoff by a control signal with balanced excitation and inhibition

Wang

2015

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Lo CC, Wang CT, Wang XJ. Speed-accuracy tradeoff by a control signal with balanced excitation and inhibition. J Neurophysiol 114: 650-661, 2015. First published May 20, 2015 doi:10.1152/jn.00845.2013.-A hallmark of flexible behavior is the brain's ability to dynamically adjust speed and accuracy in decision-making. Recent studies suggested that such adjustments modulate not only the decision threshold, but also the rate of evidence accumulation. However, the underlying neuronallevel mechanism of the rate change remains unclear. In this work, using a spiking neural network model of perceptual decision, we demonstrate that speed and accuracy of a decision process can be effectively adjusted by manipulating a top-down control signal with balanced excitation and inhibition [balanced synaptic input (BSI)]. Our model predicts that emphasizing accuracy over speed leads to reduced rate of ramping activity and reduced baseline activity of decision neurons, which have been observed recently at the level of single neurons recorded from behaving monkeys in speed-accuracy tradeoff tasks. Moreover, we found that an increased inhibitory component of BSI skews the decision time distribution and produces a pronounced exponential tail, which is commonly observed in human studies. Our findings suggest that BSI can serve as a top-down control mechanism to rapidly and parametrically trade between speed and accuracy, and such a cognitive control signal presents both when the subjects emphasize accuracy or speed in perceptual decisions. decision making; speed-accuracy tradeoff; top-down control; balanced input THE ABILITY TO DYNAMICALLY adjust speed vs. accuracy is a salient feature of decision-making (Bogacz et al. 2010; Gold and Shadlen 2002;Heitz 2014;Wang 2008;Wickelgren 1977): if "to get it right" is the priority, we slow down to gather more information and gain a better performance. On the other hand, if time is at a premium (e.g., when detecting a predator), we make a quick judgment at the potential cost of accuracy. Speed-accuracy tradeoff (SAT) can result from a trial-by-trial learning process, which is believed to depend on synaptic plasticity and reward information in the cortex and basal ganglia (Balci et al. 2010; Gold and Shadlen 2002;Lo and Wang 2006;Wang et al. 2013). However, adjustment can often be made quickly, "on the fly," based on either task instruction, a changing environment, or a subject's own will (Edwards 1965;Forstmann et al. 2008;Luce 1986;Palmer et al. 2005;Wickelgren 1977).SAT is commonly considered in terms of adjusting a decision threshold of an integrator (Bogacz et al. 2006;Edwards 1965), such as that described by the drift diffusion model (DDM) (Luce 1986;Ratcliff 1978). In this framework, under speed emphasis the decision threshold is decreased, so it can be reached faster to trigger a response, whereas accuracy emphasis is instantiated by an increase of the decision threshold to integrate more information before a decision is made. The idea of changing decision threshold is intuitively appealin...

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confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speed-accuracy tradeoff by a control signal with balanced excitation and inhibition

Wang

2015

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…6c). These patterns resemble other ACC pathways directed to prefrontal and temporal cortices (Medalla et al 2007; Medalla and Barbas 2009, 2010; Bunce and Barbas 2011; Medalla and Barbas 2012), or between other cortices (Anderson et al 1998; Melchitzky et al 1998). Some ACC boutons formed perforated synapses with spines, characterized by segmented postsynaptic densities (case BI: 24.6%, n=15; case BN: 17.6%, n=3; Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

“…All labeled boutons formed asymmetric synapses (presumed to be excitatory) as in other ACC corticocortical pathways (Medalla et al 2007; Medalla and Barbas 2009, 2010; Bunce and Barbas 2011; Medalla and Barbas 2012). Labeled boutons from ACC mainly innervated single spines in AON (case BI: 82%, n=50; case BN: ~81%, n=13; Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…We used classical criteria to determine synapse type and the postsynaptic profile of ACC boutons (Peters et al 1991) as described previously (Germuska et al 2006; Zikopoulos and Barbas 2006; Medalla et al 2007; Zikopoulos and Barbas 2007; Medalla and Barbas 2009, 2010; Bunce and Barbas 2011; Medalla and Barbas 2012). In the cortex synapses are made with spines, which are enriched on excitatory pyramidal neurons, or with aspiny (smooth) or sparsely spiny dendritic shafts, which are characteristic of inhibitory neurons in the cerebral cortex (Peters et al 1991; Fiala and Harris 1999).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A direct anterior cingulate pathway to the primate primary olfactory cortex may control attention to olfaction

García‐Cabezas

Barbas

2013

Brain Struct Funct

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Behavioral and functional studies in humans suggest that attention plays a key role in activating the primary olfactory cortex through an unknown circuit mechanism. We report that a novel pathway from the anterior cingulate cortex, an area which has a key role in attention, projects directly to the primary olfactory cortex in rhesus monkeys, innervating mostly the anterior olfactory nucleus. Axons from the anterior cingulate cortex formed synapses mostly with spines of putative excitatory pyramidal neurons and with a small proportion of a neurochemical class of inhibitory neurons that are thought to have disinhibitory effect on excitatory neurons. This novel pathway from the anterior cingulate is poised to exert a powerful excitatory effect on the anterior olfactory nucleus, which is a critical hub for odorant processing via extensive bilateral connections with primary olfactory cortices and the olfactory bulb. Acting on the anterior olfactory nucleus, the anterior cingulate may activate the entire primary olfactory cortex to mediate the process of rapid attention to olfactory stimuli.

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Parallel prefrontal pathways reach distinct excitatory and inhibitory systems in memory‐related rhinal cortices

Bunce

Zikopoulos

Feinberg

et al. 2013

J of Comparative Neurology

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To investigate how prefrontal cortices impinge on medial temporal cortices we labeled pathways from the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and posterior orbitofrontal cortex (pOFC) in rhesus monkeys to compare their relationship with excitatory and inhibitory systems in rhinal cortices. The ACC pathway terminated mostly in areas 28 and 35 with a high proportion of large terminals, whereas the pOFC pathway terminated mostly through small terminals in area 36 and sparsely in areas 28 and 35. Both pathways terminated in all layers. Simultaneous labeling of pathways and distinct neurochemical classes of inhibitory neurons, followed by analyses of appositions of presynaptic and postsynaptic fluorescent signal, or synapses, showed overall predominant association with spines of putative excitatory neurons, but also significant interactions with presumed inhibitory neurons labeled for calretinin, calbindin or parvalbumin. In the upper layers of areas 28 and 35 the ACC pathway was associated with dendrites of neurons labeled with calretinin, which are thought to disinhibit neighboring excitatory neurons, suggesting facilitated hippocampal access. In contrast, in area 36 pOFC axons were associated with dendrites of calbindin neurons, which are poised to reduce noise and enhance signal. In the deep layers, both pathways innervated mostly dendrites of parvalbumin neurons, which strongly inhibit neighboring excitatory neurons, suggesting gating of hippocampal output to other cortices. These findings suggest that the ACC, associated with attention and context, and the pOFC, associated with emotional valuation, have distinct contributions to memory in rhinal cortices, in processes that are disrupted in psychiatric diseases.

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Prefrontal pathways target excitatory and inhibitory systems in memory-related medial temporal cortices

Cited by 32 publications

References 106 publications

Speed-accuracy tradeoff by a control signal with balanced excitation and inhibition

Speed-accuracy tradeoff by a control signal with balanced excitation and inhibition

A direct anterior cingulate pathway to the primate primary olfactory cortex may control attention to olfaction

Parallel prefrontal pathways reach distinct excitatory and inhibitory systems in memory‐related rhinal cortices

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