Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are
recent solvents that have the
basic characteristics close to ionic liquids, and they have been applied
in several reactions. Adding molecular solvents especially water to
DESs is beneficial in some cases such as biophysics and biochemistry.
Therefore, understanding the effect of different solvents and preferred
solvent is critical in binary mixtures. This work describes the principles
to investigate the preferential solvation of probe dyes (4-nitroaniline,
4-nitroanisole, and Reichardt’s dye 30) in complex mixed solvents
in detail. Experimental and theoretical studies were used to seek
the preferential solvation of probes in aqueous solution of ethylene
glycol–choline chloride (ethaline) and its components (aqueous
solutions of ethylene glycol and choline chloride). Results confirmed
that probes prefer to be solvated by ethaline and ethylene glycol.
In detail, the microsphere solvation of probe dyes was analyzed, which
confirmed fundamental roles of choline and ethylene glycol for synergism
effects from ideal mixtures. In most of the mole fractions, probes
prefer to be solvated in the order of components, namely, ethylene
glycol and choline > water > chloride. Moreover, aggregation
of solvents
components around probes was calculated profoundly. Molecular dynamics
simulations made it possible to understand which combinations of components
in mixed solvents display preferential solvation. Also, as a minor
goal, solvatochromic parameters in mentioned mixtures were discussed
in the related section. Finally, density functional theory (DFT) calculations
showed either bathochromic or hypsochromic shifts coming from changes
in microsphere solvation and hydrogen bonding of probes with solvents.