Preferential Association of Human Papillomavirus With High-Grade Histologic Variants of Penile-Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Grégoire, Lucie; Cubilla, Antonio L.; Reuter, Victor E.; Haas, Gabriel P.; Lancaster, Wayne D.

doi:10.1093/jnci/87.22.1705

Cited by 218 publications

(137 citation statements)

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“…It is necessary to search for non--invasive biomarkers with good accuracy, to predict the risk of metastatic lymph node involvement in patients with penile cancer (22,23). In our series, there was no association between the presence or distribution of HPV genotype with lymph node disease, as reported by other authors (13,19). At present, there are no evidences indicating the use of HPV detection in order to decide to perform lymphadenectomies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 45%

Human Papilloma Virus: Prevalence, distribution and predictive value to lymphatic metastasis in penile carcinoma

Fonseca¹,

Soares²,

Burbano³

et al. 2013

Int. braz j urol.

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Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence, distribution and association of HPV with histological pattern of worse prognosis of penile cancer, in order to evaluate its predictive value of inguinal metastasis, as well as evaluation of other previous reported prognostic factors. Material and Methods: Tumor samples of 82 patients with penile carcinoma were tested in order to establish the prevalence and distribution of genotypic HPV using PCR. HPV status was correlated to histopathological factors and the presence of inguinal mestastasis. The influence of several histological characteristics was also correlated to inguinal disease-free survival. Results: Follow-up varied from 1 to 71 months (median 22 months). HPV DNA was identified in 60.9% of sample, with higher prevalence of types 11 and 6 (64% and 32%, respectively). There was no significant correlation of the histological characteristics of worse prognosis of penile cancer with HPV status. Inguinal disease-free survival in 5 years did also not show HPV status influence (p = 0.45). The only independent pathologic factors of inguinal metastasis were: stage T ≥ T1b-T4 (p = 0.02), lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.04) and infiltrative invasion (p = 0.03). Conclusions: HPV status and distribution had shown no correlation with worse prognosis of histological aspects, or predictive value for lymphatic metastasis in penile carcinoma.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 45%

Human Papilloma Virus: Prevalence, distribution and predictive value to lymphatic metastasis in penile carcinoma

Fonseca¹,

Soares²,

Burbano³

et al. 2013

Int. braz j urol.

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“…16 Gregoire et al observed that HPV DNA was detected significantly more often in penile carcinomas exhibiting a more vertical growth pattern and in histologically defined high-grade tumors. 27 The current analysis suggests a survival benefit for penile cancer patients in whom high-risk HPV DNA was present in the primary tumor compared with patients in whom no high-risk HPV DNA could be detected. Although historical control analysis is not ideal to compare survival, because of potential time-related changes in various characteristics, the benefit could not be explained by differences in patient or primary tumor histopathological characteristics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Presence of high‐risk human papillomavirus DNA in penile carcinoma predicts favorable outcome in survival

Lont

Kroon

Horenblas

et al. 2006

Intl Journal of Cancer

217

111

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There is evidence that a subset of penile carcinomas is caused by infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). However, extensive studies on the possible influence of HPV infection on clinical outcome of penile cancer are lacking. This investigation is aimed to examine the prevalence of high-risk HPV in a large series of penile squamous-cell carcinomas (SCCs) and to determine the relationship between HPV and survival. Formalin-fixed, paraffinembedded tumor specimens of 171 patients with penile carcinoma were tested for high-risk HPV DNA presence by GP51/61-PCR. The clinical course of the patients and the histopathological characteristics of the primary tumors were reviewed. High-risk HPV DNA was detected in 29% of the tumors, with HPV 16 being the predominant type, accounting for 76% of high-risk HPV containing SCCs. Disease-specific 5-year survival in the high-risk HPVnegative group and high-risk HPV-positive group was 78% and 93%, respectively (log rank test p 5 0.03). In multivariate analysis, the HPV status was an independent predictor for disease-specific mortality (p 5 0.01) with a hazard ratio of 0.14 (95% CI: 0.03-0.63). Our results indicate that the presence of high-risk HPV (29%) confers a survival advantage in patients with penile carcinoma. ' 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: penile carcinoma; HPV; survival Squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) of the penis is uncommon and accounts for less than 1% of adult male cancers in developed countries. The incidence in Europe is 1 per 100,000 per year. 1 The highest incidence occurs in the seventh decade. The development is most likely a stepwise chain of events over a period of years from preneoplastic lesions to SCC. The etiology of penile SCC appears to be multifactorial, with a history of smoking, phimosis and poor hygiene are commonly associated with this tumor. 2,3 Recent data have also provided corroborative evidence for a role of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) in the pathogenesis of a subset of penile SCC. 4,5 These high-risk HPVs are known to possess transforming capacity and are a necessary but insufficient cause of cervical SCC. 6,7 More recently, also a role of these viruses has been implicated in the development of other SCCs, such as those of the head and neck and vulva, next to penile SCCs. In contrast to cervical cancers, almost all of which contain highrisk HPV, the reported high-risk HPV prevalence in the other mentioned SCCs is much lower. This suggests that the other SCCs are etiologically heterogeneous, with only a subset of cases linked to high-risk HPV. However, the exact proportion of these noncervical cancers that can be attributed to high-risk HPV is still a matter of debate since reported prevalence rates are highly variable, possibly as a result of the different testing methods that have been applied. Moreover, for penile carcinomas the histological subtype seems to be a determinant for HPV presence. Nevertheless, keratinizing or not-otherwise-specified penile SCCs, which represent the most common penile SCCs, generally show a...

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“…8,10 The reported frequency of penile verrucous carcinoma is low and accounts for 3-20% of all penile cancers. 5,6,[11][12][13] However, identification of cases from the literature is sometimes difficult because of the varied nomenclature used in the past, often regarding them as the same lesion as BLT. 14,15 Risk factors for penile verrucous carcinoma seem to be similar as for penile cancer in general, which are poor hygiene, phimosis and chronic inflammation 16 but no systematic case series has been studied.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

HPV infection and immunochemical detection of cell-cycle markers in verrucous carcinoma of the penis

et al. 2009

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Penile verrucous carcinoma is a rare disease and little is known of its aetiology or pathogenesis. In this study we examined cell-cycle proteins expression and correlation with human papillomavirus infection in a series of 15 pure penile verrucous carcinomas from a single centre. Of 148 penile tumours, 15 (10%) were diagnosed as pure verrucous carcinomas. The expression of the cell-cycle-associated proteins p53, p21, RB, p16 INK4A and Ki67 were examined by immunohistochemistry. Human papillomavirus infection was determined by polymerase chain reaction to identify a wide range of virus types. The expression of p16 INK4A and Ki67 was significantly lower in verrucous carcinoma than in usual type squamous cell carcinoma, whereas the expression of p53, p21 and RB was not significantly different. p53 showed basal expression in contrast to usual type squamous cell carcinoma. Human papillomavirus infection was present in only 3 out of 13 verrucous carcinomas. Unique lowrisk, high-risk and mixed viral infections were observed in each of the three cases. In conclusion, lower levels of p16 INK4A and Ki67 expressions differentiate penile verrucous carcinoma from usual type squamous cell carcinoma. The low Ki67 index reflects the slow-growing nature of verrucous tumours. The low level of p16 INK4A expression and human papillomavirus detection suggests that penile verrucous carcinoma pathogenesis is unrelated to human papillomavirus infection and the oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes classically altered by virus infection.

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Preferential Association of Human Papillomavirus With High-Grade Histologic Variants of Penile-Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Cited by 218 publications

References 0 publications

Human Papilloma Virus: Prevalence, distribution and predictive value to lymphatic metastasis in penile carcinoma

Human Papilloma Virus: Prevalence, distribution and predictive value to lymphatic metastasis in penile carcinoma

Presence of high‐risk human papillomavirus DNA in penile carcinoma predicts favorable outcome in survival

HPV infection and immunochemical detection of cell-cycle markers in verrucous carcinoma of the penis

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