Preface to the sixth edition

Bancroft, John D.; Gamble, Marilyn

doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-10279-0.50004-x

Cited by 345 publications

(421 citation statements)

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“…The pattern of the spectra generated is sensitive to small changes in multiple tissue constituents and, therefore, is different for the different pathologies [62]. For example, increased DNA and glycoprotein content predicts the presence of dysplasia in Barrett's oesophagus and this is consistent with histopathology [63].…”

Section: Spectroscopysupporting

confidence: 56%

Detection of dysplasia in Barrett’s oesophagus: Are there impending optical and spectroscopic solutions?

Upchurch¹,

Old²,

Gr³

et al. 2016

Gastroenterol Hepatol Endosc

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The incidence of Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma is increasing in Western countries. The outcome for patients with oesophageal cancer is extremely poor with only 15.1% of patients surviving for 5 years. The dismal outcome is largely due to late diagnosis which eliminates many patients from effective treatment.Oesophageal adenocarcinoma is often preceded by the development of dysplasia in a segment of Barrett's oesophagus. With the current surveillance strategies, it is extremely difficult to not only visualise areas of dysplasia, but also to accurately identify their morphological and architectural changes during histopathological diagnosis. Consensus statements recommend mucosal resection for dysplastic change in the oesophagus, thereby, preventing the development of adenocarcinoma. This strategy requires improved diagnostic tools that can reliably distinguish patients with dysplasia.Years of research have looked at a variety of different modalities that may aid with the current dilemma of difficulties in diagnosing dysplasia. This review looks at the modalities under development and analyses their advantages and the part they may well play in the future. It also looks at the future avenues that could be explored to aid in the understanding of the disease and to improve the outcomes.

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Section: Spectroscopysupporting

confidence: 56%

Detection of dysplasia in Barrett’s oesophagus: Are there impending optical and spectroscopic solutions?

Upchurch¹,

Old²,

Gr³

et al. 2016

Gastroenterol Hepatol Endosc

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“…The tissue blocks were serially cross-sectioned at 5 μm with a semiautomatic microtome (Leica RM 2245). Serial slices were stained with the Masson’s trichrome method [ 45 ]. Combined Alcian Blue (AB) and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) methods were employed for the demonstration of acidic glycoconjugates and neutral glycoconjugates, respectively [ 45 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary and developmental considerations of the diet and gut morphology in ceratophryid tadpoles (Anura)

Fabrezi

Cruz

2020

BMC Dev Biol

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Background: Before metamorphosis, almost all anuran tadpoles are omnivores. Larval carnivory occurs in some species and, it is associated with distinctive morphotypes. Obligatory carnivorous tadpoles exhibit structural changes in the gastrointestinal tract compared to larvae that are predominately omnivores. The most distinctive feature of the anuran family Ceratophyridae (three genera) overall is the enormous gape of adults. This feature increases their ability to capture extremely large and active prey. The larvae of Ceratophyrid genera are remarkably distinct from each other and carnivory has diversified in a manner unseen in other anurans. The larvae of one genus, Lepidobatrachus, has a massive gape like the adult. Herein, we report on larval developmental variation, diet, gross morphology of the gastrointestinal tract, and histology of the cranial segment of the gut before, during and after metamorphosis in larval series for the following ceratophryid species: Chacophrys pierottii, Ceratophrys cranwelli, Lepidobatrachus laevis and Lepidobatrachus llanensis. Results: We described patterns of larval development with variation in growth with consequence to the final size at the end of metamorphosis. These patterns seem to be influenced by food quantity/quality, and most predominant by animal protein. Prey items found in pre and post-metamorphic Lepidobatrachus spp. are similar. Tadpoles of Ceratophrys and Chacophrys (and other anurans) share a short cranial segment of the gut with an internal glandular, mucous secreting epithelium, a double coiled intestine and the sequence of metamorphic changes (tract is empty, the stomach differentiates and the intestine shortens abruptly). In contrast, Lepidobatrachus tadpoles have a true stomach that acquires thickness and increased glandular complexity through development. As larvae they have a short intestine without double coils, and the absence of intestine shortening during metamorphosis. Conclusions: The larval development of the gastrointestinal tract of Lepidobatrachus is unique compared with that of other free-living anuran larvae. An abrupt metamorphic transformation is missing and most of the adult structural features start to differentiate gradually at the beginning of larval stages.

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“…Digital images of the structures were obtained using digital imaging software connected to a computer. For histological sections, infected host tissue was fixed in neutral 10% buffered formalin and after dehydration and blocking, the specimens were processed using standard methods (Bancroft andGamble 2001, Kiernan 2002). The paraffin blocked tissue was sectioned at 4-6 µm, placed on glass slides and stained with hematoxylin and eosin.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and molecular descriptions of Moniliformis saudi sp. n. (Acanthocephala: Moniliformidae) from the desert hedgehog, Paraechinus aethiopicus (Ehrenberg) in Saudi Arabia, with a key to species and notes on histopathology

Om¹,

Ra²,

Osama³

et al. 2016

FOLIA PARASIT

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Abstract:A new acanthocepohalan species, Moniliformis saudi sp. n. is described from the desert hedgehog, Paraechinus aethiopicus (Ehrenberg), in central Saudi Arabia. Fourteen other valid species of Moniliformis Travassos, 1915 are recognised. The new species of Moniliformis is distinguished by having a small proboscis (315-520 µm long and 130-208 µm wide) with two apical pores, 14 rows of 8 hooks each and small hooks, thre largest being 25-31 µm long anteriorly. Distinguishing features are incorporated in a dichotomous key to the species of Moniliformis. The description is augmented by scanning electron microscopical (SEM) observation and DNA analysis of nuclear (18S rRNA) and mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase subunit 1; cox1) gene sequences. Attached worms cause extensive damage to the immediate area of attachment in the host intestine. This includes tissue necrosis and blood loss due to damage to capillary beds. Worms also obstruct essential absorbing surfaces.Keywords: molecular analysis, host-parasite interface, comparisons, morfology, taxonomy Surveys of mammals and their parasitic fauna in Central Saudi Arabia (CSA) were conducted on regular monthly intervals. Both host and parasite faunas of CSA and the Kingdom are poorly documented. The host, the desert hedgehog, Paraechinus aethiopicus (Ehrenberg), is one of the smallest hedgehogs in the world. It is common in Saudi Arabia and other Middle Eastern and African countries (Harrison and Bates 1991) but only Moniliformis moniliformis (Bremser, 1811) has been reported from its intestinal track in Egypt (Nelson and Ward 1966) and in Algeria (Khaldi et al. 2012). The present report documents a new acanthocephalan species from this host in Saudi Arabia, a land virgin for new discoveries including new parasitic taxa. MATERIALS AND METHODSDesert hedgehogs (Paraechinus aethiopicus) were collected by live traps monthly between August 2014 and March 2015 mostly in Central Saudi Arabia at Unaizah (26°5'2''N; 43°59'38''E), Al Qassim Province. They were first overdosed with anesthetic agents before dissection. Acanthocephalans were placed in water overnight and then in 70% ethanol to process for microscopy, scanning electron microscopical (SEM) and DNA analyses, and in neutral buffered formalin for histopathological sectioning. The total number of hedgehogs examined was 89 animals (50 males and 39 females) weighing 355 ± 92 g. Infected hedgehogs (18 males and 12 females) weighed 166-495 g (mean 304 ± 80 g).For microscopical examination, specimens in 70% ethanol were punctured with a fine needle, then stained in Mayer's acid carmine, destained in 4% hydrochloric acid in 70% ethanol, dehydrated in ascending concentrations of ethanol (24 h each), and cleared in 100% xylene and then in 50% Canada balsam and 50% xylene (24 h each). Whole worms were then mounted in Canada balsam. Measurements are in micrometres, unless otherwise noted; the range is followed by the mean values between parentheses. Width measurements represent maximum width. Trunk length does not include prob...

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Preface to the sixth edition

Cited by 345 publications

References 0 publications

Detection of dysplasia in Barrett’s oesophagus: Are there impending optical and spectroscopic solutions?

Detection of dysplasia in Barrett’s oesophagus: Are there impending optical and spectroscopic solutions?

Evolutionary and developmental considerations of the diet and gut morphology in ceratophryid tadpoles (Anura)

Morphological and molecular descriptions of Moniliformis saudi sp. n. (Acanthocephala: Moniliformidae) from the desert hedgehog, Paraechinus aethiopicus (Ehrenberg) in Saudi Arabia, with a key to species and notes on histopathology

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