Detection of dysplasia in Barrett’s oesophagus: Are there impending optical and spectroscopic solutions?

Abstract

The incidence of Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma is increasing in Western countries. The outcome for patients with oesophageal cancer is extremely poor with only 15.1% of patients surviving for 5 years. The dismal outcome is largely due to late diagnosis which eliminates many patients from effective treatment.Oesophageal adenocarcinoma is often preceded by the development of dysplasia in a segment of Barrett's oesophagus. With the current surveillance strategies, it is extremely difficult to not only visualise areas of dysplasia, but also to accurately identify their morphological and architectural changes during histopathological diagnosis. Consensus statements recommend mucosal resection for dysplastic change in the oesophagus, thereby, preventing the development of adenocarcinoma. This strategy requires improved diagnostic tools that can reliably distinguish patients with dysplasia.Years of research have looked at a variety of different modalities that may aid with the current dilemma of difficulties in diagnosing dysplasia. This review looks at the modalities under development and analyses their advantages and the part they may well play in the future. It also looks at the future avenues that could be explored to aid in the understanding of the disease and to improve the outcomes.

Nucleoside‐Based Drug Target with General Antimicrobial Screening and Specific Computational Studies against SARS‐CoV‐2 Main Protease

“…Additionally, uridine derivatives, including uridine monophosphate (UMP) and uridine triacetate, are used to manage the toxicity of chemotherapy drugs [50] . Notably, uridine analogs such as ribavirin and azacytidine have been applied to combat hepatitis C and myelodysplastic syndromes, respectively [51] . Uridine derivatives also show promise in the development of antibiotics and antifungals with broad‐spectrum activity, addressing the growing challenge of antibiotic resistance and offering potential solutions for infectious diseases [52,53] …”