Predictors of Staphylococcus aureus Rectovaginal Colonization in Pregnant Women and Risk for Maternal and Neonatal Infections

Top, Karina A; Buet, Amanda; Whittier, Susan; Ratner, Adam J.; Saiman, Lisa

doi:10.1093/jpids/pis001

Cited by 28 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This finding provides a rationale for targeting surveillance to older transferred infants as only 1.2% of infants were colonized by day of life 6. Colonization of younger infants suggests possible vertical transmission such as has been described for mother-to-infant transmission of MRSA 24,25 and AR-GNR. 26 Colonization of older infants implies acquisition of AROs during NICU hospitalization due to horizontal transmission from health care workers, parents or other patients or selective pressure from antibiotics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Utility of Surveillance Cultures for Antimicrobial Resistant Organisms in Infants Transferred to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Macnow

OʼToole

DeLaMora

et al. 2013

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Utility of Surveillance Cultures for Antimicrobial Resistant Organisms in Infants Transferred to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Macnow

OʼToole

DeLaMora

et al. 2013

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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“…The rate of vaginal carriage of S. aureus has been reported to be 4% -22% of the vaginal microbiota of pregnant women 64,65 , with the presence of lactobacilli known to reduce S. aureus virulence 8 . The risk factors for S. aureus colonization in pregnancy and the association between maternal colonization and infant infections are not very well .…”

Section: Staphylococcus Aureus (S Aureus)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traditional antibiotic therapy, even though highly effective, has led to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains, such as methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) 70 . Communityacquired MRSA infections have been reported to occur in neonates and pregnant women or postpartum women, as a result of vaginal colonization of S. aureus during pregnancy 70 , with a prevalence of 0.5% -10% and in some areas, higher rates of colonization have been reported 64,68,71 . The factors that contribute to S. aureus rectovaginal colonization in pregnant women are not well understood, but it is believed to include black race 64,72 .…”

Section: Staphylococcus Aureus (S Aureus)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Communityacquired MRSA infections have been reported to occur in neonates and pregnant women or postpartum women, as a result of vaginal colonization of S. aureus during pregnancy 70 , with a prevalence of 0.5% -10% and in some areas, higher rates of colonization have been reported 64,68,71 . The factors that contribute to S. aureus rectovaginal colonization in pregnant women are not well understood, but it is believed to include black race 64,72 . MRSA is noted as a significant pathogen in neonatal intensive care units 67 , with one study reporting 1.8% of neonates colonized with MRSA and 16 of 50 (32%) of these colonized neonates developing MRSA infection 69 .…”

Section: Staphylococcus Aureus (S Aureus)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Threat of Aerobic Vaginitis to Pregnancy and Neonatal Morbidity

Kaambo

Africa

2017

Afr J Reprod Health

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Aerobic vaginitis (AV) is an endogenous opportunistic infection brought about by the disruption of the normal vaginal microbiota. Its early diagnosis and treatment during pregnancy may reduce the risk of negative pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this review was to report on the aerobic bacteria most prevalent in AV and to provide evidence of the threat of untreated AV on pregnancy outcomes. More than 300 papers on preterm delivery were extracted from several research domains and filtered to include only AV-associated bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Group B streptococci and their association with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Due to the diverse sample groups, study techniques and outcomes, a meta-analysis was not conducted. The review revealed that the association of AV with adverse pregnancy outcomes has not been as widely researched as bacterial vaginosis (BV) and needs further investigation. Furthermore, the frequent misdiagnosis of AV coupled with the emerging antimicrobial resistance associated with bacteria implicated in AV and neonatal nosocomial infections pose a problem for prophylaxis and treatment to reduce the risk of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. (Afr J Reprod Health 2017; 21[2]: 109-118). Keywords: Aerobic vaginitis; pregnancy risks; antimicrobial resistance RésuméLa vaginite aérobie (VA) est une infection opportuniste endogène provoquée par la perturbation du microbiota vaginal normal. Son diagnostic précoce et son traitement pendant la grossesse peuvent réduire le risque de résultats négatifs de grossesse. L'objectif de cette revue était de faire un rapport sur les bactéries aérobies les plus répandues en VA et de prouver la menace de la VA non traitée sur les résultats de la grossesse. Plus de 300 articles sur l'accouchement prématuré ont été tirés de plusieurs domaines de recherche et filtrés pour inclure uniquement des bactéries associées à la VA telles que Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli et streptocoques du groupe B et leur association avec des résultats de grossesse indésirables. En raison des divers groupes d'échantillons, des techniques d'étude et des résultats, une méta-analyse n'a pas été menée. L'examen a révélé que l'association de la VA avec les résultats de grossesse défavorisés n'a pas été aussi largement étudiée que la vaginose bactérienne (VB) et doit faire l'objet d'une enquête plus approfondie. En outre, le diagnostic erroné de la VA y compris la résistance antimicrobienne émergente associée à une bactérie impliquée dans les infections à vent et nonnéomatologiques constitue un problème pour la prophylaxie et le traitement afin de réduire le risque de morbidité et de mortalité maternelle et néonatale. (Afr J Reprod Health 2017; 21[2]: 109-118).

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“…Research studies have provided sufficient amount of evidences to support the colonization of S. aureus among pregnant women and its influence on the neonate and neonates born to mother with S. aureus colonization and vulnerable to infection. 96,97 Demographic parameters like maternal, gestational age, gravidity, parity, socioeconomic condition and previous history of the infection can be vital and signifies the infection. 98 However some research studies feel that other pathogens of Staphylococcal genus are mistaken to be S. aureus but the other species of the genus are capable of causing the infection.…”

Section: 93mentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary Tract Infection: An Overview of the Infection and the Associated Risk Factors

Ramachandran¹

2014

JMEN

135

132

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IntroductionUrinary tract infection is a common contagion among men and women but the incidence is quite high among women due to their physiology. In simple terms, it can be referred as a condition which women will certainly encounter during the span of their life time and the prevalence is higher among women during pregnancy. As the name indicates, the infected parts involve the urinary tract comprising of the upper and lower urinary tract. The infection is named after the part that gets infected and is referred to as cystitis (bladder infection) and phylonephritis (kidney infection). The symptoms associated with the bladder and kidney infections are contrasting which includes painful and frequent urination in case of cystitis as a result of bladder infection whereas conditions like high fever and flank pain are commonly experienced in case of kidney contagion which is referred to as phylonephritis. This prevalence of the infection among children and elderly people is not clearly understood and is currently under study. Bacteria are the prime perpetrator responsible for conferring the infection among humans but the role of certain fungi and viruses cannot be over looked. However, the incidence of UTI as a result of viral or fungal infection is considered to be rare phenomena. Though the infection seems to be harmless in the initial stages, the patient shows a variety of symptoms as the stage progresses and can lead to death in severe circumstances. Research studies have defined urinary tract infection as the most common form of bacterial infection.1,2 Urinary tract infection can be a consequence of poor diagnosis and is regarded as the common hospital acquired infection. 3,4 The infection encompasses a diverse group of clinical syndromes and diseases that differ in epidemiology, etiology, location severity of the condition. 5 In addition to the above factors, it also vary in expressed local symptoms, frequency of recurrence, extent of damage caused, presence of complicating factors and the risk from their reiterate incidence. 6 The occurrence of bladder infection is usually followed by kidney infection and results in blood borne infection and in severe circumstances can lead to dire consequences including death. Therefore, UTI is capable of claiming lives under severe circumstances and proper treatment results in quick recovery from the contagion. The onset of the infection is in the 6 th week of pregnancy through 24 th week. 7 Although the prevalence of bacteriuria during pregnancy is similar to that in non pregnant women, pregnancy enhances the possibility of infection among women. 8,9 The occurrence of the infection is at its peak during pregnancy which in turn relies on several other factors. Though the higher incidence of UTI during pregnancy cannot be accepted as a universal fact as the concept is under the verge of research and several researchers are attempting to figure out the significance of pregnancy in relation to urinary tract infection. The concept of the predominance of UTI among women during pr...

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Predictors of Staphylococcus aureus Rectovaginal Colonization in Pregnant Women and Risk for Maternal and Neonatal Infections

Abstract: S. aureus rectovaginal colonization was associated with an increased risk of infections in women but not in their infants. The frequency of MRSA infections was low. These data suggest that routine MRSA screening of pregnant women may not be indicated.

Cited by 28 publications

References 29 publications

Utility of Surveillance Cultures for Antimicrobial Resistant Organisms in Infants Transferred to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Utility of Surveillance Cultures for Antimicrobial Resistant Organisms in Infants Transferred to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

The Threat of Aerobic Vaginitis to Pregnancy and Neonatal Morbidity

Urinary Tract Infection: An Overview of the Infection and the Associated Risk Factors

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