Predictors of Size for Gestational Age in St. Louis City and County

Xaverius, Pamela K.; Salas, Joanne; Woolfolk, Candice; Leung, Frances; Yuan, Jessica; Chang, Jen Jen

doi:10.1155/2014/515827

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This is similar to the result reported by most studies 9,10,13–19 . For instance, some studies reported increased risks of preterm birth babies among older mothers with HDPs 40–42 . However, Zhang et al found mothers with HDPs were less likely to deliver preterm birth babies 24 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors and adverse pregnancy outcomes in older pregnant women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

Zhang

Wang

2022

J of Obstet and Gynaecol

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Background: To assess the independent risk factors and pregnancy outcomes of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs) in Chinese advanced age pregnancy women. Design: Secondary analysis of international published data. Materials and Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane library, and Chinese databases from inception to February 23, 2022 were searched to identify eligible studies. Meta-analysis was conducted to provide meaningful summative outcomes. The quality evaluation of included study was performed. The analyses were done with Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 14.0 software. Results: Totally, 13 eligible articles were included, among which 3 articles investigated the risk factors, 6 articles studied pregnancy outcomes, and 4 articles examined both risk factors and pregnancy outcomes. Chinese older pregnant women with the HDPs had high pooled incidences of abnormal body mass index, maternal education, family history of hypertension, history of chronic hypertension, gestational diabetes, irregular delivery inspection, psychosocial factors, and primiparity compared to those without HDPs. The incidence of cesarean delivery, placental abruption, premature rupture of membranes, postpartum hemorrhage, preterm birth, fetal asphyxia, fetal distress, fetal growth restriction, and low birth weight in Chinese older pregnant women with HPDs were significantly higher than those without HDPs. Conclusion: This study identified several possible risk factors which promoted the onset of HDPs in Chinese older pregnant women, and HDPs significantly increases risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). Further research is needed to take targeted measures to prevent HDPs and explore efficient management methods to minimize the risk of APOs associated with HDPs in Chinese older pregnant women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors and adverse pregnancy outcomes in older pregnant women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

Zhang

Wang

2022

J of Obstet and Gynaecol

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“…At the same time, we point out that fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction are pathologically small irrespective of the centile of growth (even if they fall into the <10th percentile category or in the 10–90th percentile category) [24]. Previously, birth weight was linked with inter alia, genetic factors and fetal-placental circulation, fetal gender, gestational age, parity, the mother’s age and mother’s height, nutritional status, BMI and gestational weight gain, vitamin/micronutrient supplementation, smoking and concomitant diseases in pregnancy (e.g., preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus) [1,7,8,25]. In our study, the influence of many confounders was excluded by matching maternal characteristics between groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To eliminate the impact of confounding factors on results, we chose the control group ( n = 192) by individually matching women in the case (SGA) group ( n = 48) in relation (4:1 ratio) to the following criteria: Maternal age (±2 years) and pre-pregnancy BMI (±10%) and smoking of cigarettes. As confounders, the risk factors for SGA [1,7,8] and related to the concentrations of selenium [9,19] were used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, unambiguous risk markers for SGA (<10th percentile) have not yet been established [2,3]. Fetal development is influenced by genetic factors, fetal-placental circulation, environmental factors and maternal nutritional status [4,5,6,7,8] but oxidative stress plays an important role in placental development and placental insufficiency [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Early Pregnancy Maternal Selenium Levels on the Risk for Small-for-Gestational Age Newborns

2019

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It has not yet been established, whether or not the maternal serum selenium (Se) in early pregnancy may be a risk marker of small-for-gestational age (SGA) birth weight. Selenium is important for human health and is involved in oxidative balance, a key element in the development of the placenta and fetus. This innovative study was nested in a prospective cohort of 750 women recruited in the 10–14th week of a single pregnancy, all of whom were healthy during recruitment. We examined mothers delivering SGA infants (with birth weight <10th percentile) (n = 48) and matched mothers delivering appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) infants (between 10–90th percentile) (n = 192). We measured the maternal microelement concentrations in the serum from the 10–14th gestational week, using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The odds ratios of SGA (and 95% confidence intervals) were assessed in logistic regression. The mean maternal Se concentrations were lower in mothers in the SGA group compared to the AGA group (59.60 vs. 62.54 µg/L; p = 0.020). Women in the lowest Q1 quartile of Se (≤56.60 µg/L) have about three times higher risk of SGA compared to women in the higher quartiles (Q2 or Q4); the odds ratio of SGA was OR = 3.02 (p = 0.019) for Q1 vs. Q2 quartile. The risk profile graph confirms the results. We found that excessive pre-pregnancy BMI (body mass index) affected the estimated SGA odds ratios. Early pregnancy maternal serum selenium status can be a risk marker of SGA newborns and more research is needed in larger groups.

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“…The evaluation of socioeconomic and maternal factors such as race, marital status, age, education level and social class showed a homogeneous sample, with similar characteristics despite the influence of different maternal gestational clinical conditions. Mothers of SGA infants presumably contributed through their lower BMI to restriction mechanisms of their offspring, although other factors may be involved, such as caloric restrictions or no apparent pathological conditions [ 34 – 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Could a remarkable decrease in leptin and insulin levels from colostrum to mature milk contribute to early growth catch-up of SGA infants?

Nunes

Silva

Bosa

et al. 2017

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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BackgroundBreast milk is known to contain many bioactive hormones and peptides, which can influence infant growth and development. In this context, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of different clinical pregnancy conditions on hormone concentrations in colostrum and mature breast milk.MethodsAn observational study was performed with mother-newborn pairs divided into five groups according to maternal clinical background: diabetes (12), hypertension (5), smoking (19), intrauterine growth restriction of unknown causes with small-for-gestational-age newborns at delivery (12), and controls (21). Socioeconomic data, anthropometric measurements and breast milk samples were collected between the first 24 and 48 h and 30 days postpartum. Leptin, adiponectin, and insulin levels in breast milk were measured by immunoassays.ResultsA significant decrease in leptin (p = 0.050) and insulin (p = 0.012) levels from colostrum to mature breast milk in mothers of small-for-gestational-age infants was observed. Maternal body mass index was correlated with both leptin and insulin, but not with adiponectin. Insulin levels were negatively correlated to infant weight gain from birth to one month (p = 0.050). In addition, catch-up growth was verified for small-for-gestational-age infants throughout the first month of life.ConclusionsThis study suggests that a remarkable decrease in leptin and insulin levels in mature milk of mothers of small-for-gestational-age newborns may be involved in the rapid weight gain of these newborns. The physiological and external mechanisms by which these significant decreases and rapid weight gains occur in this group remain to be elucidated.

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Predictors of Size for Gestational Age in St. Louis City and County

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

Risk factors and adverse pregnancy outcomes in older pregnant women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

Risk factors and adverse pregnancy outcomes in older pregnant women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

The Role of Early Pregnancy Maternal Selenium Levels on the Risk for Small-for-Gestational Age Newborns

Could a remarkable decrease in leptin and insulin levels from colostrum to mature milk contribute to early growth catch-up of SGA infants?

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