Predictors of overweight/obesity in a Brazilian cohort after 13 years of follow-up

Abstract

BackgroundObesity is a chronic complex disease with an increasing prevalence around the world. Prospective studies in adult cohorts are needed to provide information about predictors of new-onset overweight/obesity on population-based levels. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with the risk of an adult individual become overweight/obese after 13 years of follow-up.MethodsSecond phase of an observational population-based prospective cohort study in a small town in the Midwest region of Brazil. A representative sample of the adult population (≥18 years) was assessed in 2002 (phase 1). Anthropometric, sociodemographic, dietary intake and lifestyle data were collected. After 13 years of follow-up (2015), the same variables were re-evaluated (phase 2). New-onset overweight/obesity was the outcome variable.ResultsA total of 685 subjects were included with a mean age in phase 1 of 42.7 ± 13.8 years and 56.1 ± 13.8 years in phase 2, the mean follow-up time was 13.2 years and female sex counted for 66.3% of the sample. Total weight gain was 5.9 ± 10.2 Kg, body mass index increased 2.6 ± 3.8 Kg/m2 and waist circumference (WC) values increased 8.0 ± 10.5 cm. The prevalence of overweight/obesity went from 49.1% in phase 1 to 69.8% in phase 2 (p < 0.001). The factors associated with a decreased risk of new-onset overweight/obesity were ages between 50 and 64 (RR 0.40; CI 0.24–0.67 – p = 0.001) and ≥65 years (RR 0.15; CI 0.06–0.35 - p < 0.001), being part of the second quartile of fat consumption (RR 0.59; CI 0.35–0.97 – p = 0.041), no alcohol consumption (RR 0.59; CI 0.37–0.93 – p = 0.024) and smoking (RR 0.58; CI 0.39–0.86 – p = 0,007) in phase 1.ConclusionsWe identified in thirteen years of follow-up that older ages, a moderate fat consumption compared to low consumption, no alcohol consumption and smoking habit were related to a decreased risk of new-onset overweight/obesity. Obesity prevention actions must focus on subjects at younger ages and include policies to reduce alcohol consumption.

The Relationship between Vegetable Intake and Weight Outcomes: A Systematic Review of Cohort Studies

“…After the removal of duplicates, 2478 records were screened by title and abstract, of which 2397 were excluded, leaving 81 papers for full-text assessment. Fourteen studies [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ] were found to meet eligibility criteria and were included in this review for quality appraisal.…”

“…However, only two of the included studies provided a specific explanation of strategies used to address incomplete follow-up [ 33 , 40 ]. Four studies did not adjust for energy intake, a key confounding factor to account for when exploring dietary predictors of weight gain [ 34 , 35 , 39 , 46 ]. Among the ten included studies, vegetable intake was measured using different validated food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) or short dietary questionnaires ( Table 3 ).…”

Insights into infancy weight gain patterns for term small-for-gestational-age babies

“…Small-for-gestational-age births affect approximately 1 in 10 newborns worldwide. Several studies have been performed to demonstrate that rapid postnatal weight gain early in life is related to obesity later [ 26 – 29 ]. However, we are not aware of any work suggesting optimal growth patterns in infancy for reducing the risk of SGA obesity.…”

Self-rated health status and illiteracy as death predictors in a Brazilian cohort

“…Predictors of overweight/obesity[ 22 ] and hypertension[ 21 ] were recently assessed using data from this same cohort. Differing from our study, neither one of these studies included mortality data as the main outcome.…”

“…Sex, age, marital status (with or without partner) and income (monthly household income in units of minimum wage) were the sociodemographic characteristics assessed. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were obtained as described in detail previously [ 22 ].…”