Predictors of linkage to HIV care and viral suppression after release from jails and prisons: a retrospective cohort study

Loeliger, Kelsey; Altice, Frederick L.; Desai, Mayur M.; Ciarleglio, Maria; Gallagher, Colleen; Meyer, Jaimie P.

doi:10.1016/s2352-3018(17)30209-6

Cited by 61 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Our findings suggest the linkage to care is inconsistent, which was also demonstrated in a study on prisoners returning to communities in Connecticut (Loeliger et al, 2018). While some participants were satisfied with the level of support they received, others expressed a need for additional support and experienced frustration upon learning that they were responsible for locating a community-based provider.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“It’s like I was out there by myself”: The receipt of reentry support among HIV-infected formerly incarcerated individuals in New York City

Rowell-Cunsolo¹,

Haile

2020

Health Justice

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Background: In the U.S., approximately one in seven HIV-infected individuals experience incarceration at least once in their lifetime. While HIV-infected individuals experience positive health outcomes during periods of incarceration, they tend to experience treatment disruption as they return to their community after custody which results in poor health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to explore the transitional support received from the Department of Corrections during the reentry period. Methods: We conducted in-depth interviews with 20 HIV-infected formerly incarcerated individuals in New York City. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed. Three researchers performed line-by-line reading of the transcripts to identify dominant codes and themes that emerged. A mixture of deductive and inductive techniques was used to identify patterns that emerged in the data.Results: Most of the participants were male and racial and ethnic minorities. There were five dominant themes that emerged during our analysis: 1) variations in the quantity of antiretroviral medication received during transition; 2) linkages to community-based physical health care providers was not well-coordinated; 3) insufficient housing and social resources; 4) structural and social challenges to post-release well-being; and 5) family as a source of resilience.Conclusions: Discharge support planning should include sufficient medication to prevent treatment disruption and a more comprehensive approach to linkage to community-based healthcare services. Such planning should also include thorough pre-release assessments to identify appropriate levels of support needed, including employment and housing assistance, which will be useful for resource allocation. Broadening public health partnerships may also increase availability and promote accessibility to the most appropriate healthcare services and programs, which may provide better opportunities to receive coordinated care and ensure continuity of care. Finally, ties to family members and other loved ones should be leveraged to help facilitate the achievement of optimal health outcomes among this population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“It’s like I was out there by myself”: The receipt of reentry support among HIV-infected formerly incarcerated individuals in New York City

Rowell-Cunsolo¹,

Haile

2020

Health Justice

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“…While substance use is present in South Africa [27], it is likely more prevalent among the corrections population in the United States. Forth, the median duration of incarceration was longer in our study than many reports from the United States, a factor that has been previously associated with an improved care transition [28].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…Studies from the United States have consistently reported a similar association between older age and improved linkage to care [29][30][31][32]. Several studies have also reported a significant association between longer duration of incarceration and increased linkage to care [28,29,32]. One study from the United States reported a trend toward increased linkage to care with HIV diagnosis during the index incarceration in contrast to our finding [31].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 45%

Observational study of continuity of HIV care following release from correctional facilities in South Africa

Mabuto

Woznica

Lekubu³

et al. 2020

BMC Public Health

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Background: We sought to describe linkage to care, ART continuity, and factors associated with linkage to care among people with HIV following release from incarceration in South Africa. Methods: We conducted a study of South African correctional service community reentrants who were receiving ART at the time of release. The study was implemented in three of 46 correctional service management areas. Participants were enrolled prior to corrections release and followed up to 90 days post-release to obtain selfreported linkage to care status and number of days of ART provided at corrections release. Clinic electronic and paper charts were sought and abstracted to verify self-reported linkage to care. Log-binomial regression, adjusted for facility, was used to identify associations with post-release linkage to care (self-reported and verified). We sought to specifically assess for associations with HIV diagnosis during index incarceration, ART initiation during index incarceration, and duration of incarceration. Results: From May 2014 to December 2016, 554 inmates met eligibility and 516 (93%) consented to participate; 391 were released on ART, 40 of whom were excluded from analysis post-release. Of the remaining 351, 301 (86%) were men and the median age was 35 years (interquartile range 30, 40). Linkage to care was self-reported by 227 (64%) and linkage to care could be verified for 121 (34%). At most, 47% of participants had no lapse in ART supply. Initiating ART during the index incarceration showed a trend toward increased self-reported post-release linkage to care. Age > 35 years was associated with increased verified linkage to care while HIV diagnosis outside of a correctional setting and ART initiation during the index incarceration showed trends toward association with increased verified linkage to care. Discussion: The results of our study are the first description of retention in care following correctional facility release from an African setting and indicate high levels of attrition during the transition from correctional facility to community care. Initiating ART within a correctional facility did not impair post-release linkage to care.

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“…Due to the similar competing priorities, factors that are considered as facilitators among people with HIV can be applied to the formerly incarcerated population with HCV to obtain synergistic effects. These include treatment for substance use and mental disorders, transportation assistance, offer drug-free transitional housing, and peer support (11,22,41).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, studies on linkage to care from incarceration have been mainly focused on people with HIV infection, and a variety of strategies, including case management and patient navigation, have been introduced to facilitate the transition period for these patients (15,20). Although developing effective care models require knowledge on the gaps in continuity of care and potential solutions (11), evidence lack around feasibility and e ciency of such interventions among HCV patients (21,22). Community reintegration and post-release continuity of care are current areas of priority for prison healthcare research (23).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuum of Hepatitis C Care Cascade in Prison and Following Release in the Direct-acting Antivirals Era

Hariri

Sharafi

Sheikh

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background People with criminal justice involvement contribute remarkably to the rising hepatitis C virus (HCV) burden; however, the continuum of care is a major barrier to prison-based programs. We aimed to evaluate a comprehensive HCV care model in an Iranian provincial prison. Methods Between 2017–2018, in the Karaj Central Prison, newly admitted male inmates received HCV antibody testing and venipuncture for RNA testing (antibody-positive only). Participants with positive RNA underwent direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy (Sofosbuvir/Daclatasvir). Sustained virological response was evaluated at 12 weeks post-treatment (SVR12). Results Overall, from 3,485 participants, 182 (5.2%) and 117 (3.4%) tested positive for HCV antibody and RNA, respectively. Among 116 patients who were eligible for treatment, 24% (n = 28) were released before treatment and 72% (n = 83) initiated DAA therapy, of whom 81% (n = 67/83) completed treatment in prison and the rest were released. Of total released patients, 68% (n = 30/44) were linked to care in community, and 70% (n = 21/30) completed treatment, including 60% (n = 12/20) and 90% (n = 9/10) among those who were released before and during treatment, respectively. The overall HCV treatment uptake and completion were 89% (n = 103/116) and 85% (n = 88/103), respectively. From people who completed treatment, 43% (n = 38/88) attended for response assessment and all were cured (SVR = 100%). Conclusions Integrated HCV care models are highly effective and can be significantly strengthened by post-release interventions. The close collaboration of community and prison healthcare systems is crucial to promote high levels of adherence to treatment. Future studies should investigate the predictors of engagement with HCV care following release.

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Predictors of linkage to HIV care and viral suppression after release from jails and prisons: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract: US National Institutes of Health.

Cited by 61 publications

References 25 publications

“It’s like I was out there by myself”: The receipt of reentry support among HIV-infected formerly incarcerated individuals in New York City

“It’s like I was out there by myself”: The receipt of reentry support among HIV-infected formerly incarcerated individuals in New York City

Observational study of continuity of HIV care following release from correctional facilities in South Africa

Continuum of Hepatitis C Care Cascade in Prison and Following Release in the Direct-acting Antivirals Era

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