“…Structural factors such as unstable housing, gaps in health insurance coverage, stigma associated with having HIV, and a history of incarceration may limit the ability of formerly incarcerated individuals to engage in HIV care and maintain optimal ART adherence (Baillargeon et al, 2009;Booker et al, 2013;Dennis et al;DiPrete et al, 2019;Fu et al, 2013;Haley et al;Katzen, 2011;Loeliger et al, 2018;Rich et al, 2013;Stephenson et al, 2005;Westergaard et al, 2013). Accessing providers in a timely manner to prevent treatment disruption during their return to the community has been identified as a primary concern among formerly incarcerated PLWH (Loeliger et al, 2018;Rowell-Cunsolo et al, 2020b;Wohl et al, 2011). Additionally, substance use challenges, which are commonly experienced by formerly incarcerated people who use drugs (Chamberlain et al, 2019;Owens et al, 2018), compound and complicate the ability to overcome many of these structural and community-level barriers (Dennis et al, 2015).…”