Predictors of Discrimination Towards People Living with HIV/AIDS Among People Aged 15–49 Years in Ethiopia: A Multilevel Analysis

Arefaynie, Mastewal; Damtie, Yitayish; Kefale, Bereket; Yalew, Melaku

doi:10.2147/hiv.s299812

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…This may be due to the different traditional behaviors and conservative outlooks that aggravate discrimination in regions of SSA Africa. Surprisingly and contrary to different study findings [21,27], the current study revealed that being living in a rural area was associated with lower odds of discriminatory attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS as compared to those who were from urban areas. This may be due to the advancement of the extension program in remote and rural areas.…”

Section: Plos Onecontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The study at hand also revealed that community-level factors such as residence and SSA region were associated with discriminatory attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS. Consistent with studies conducted elsewhere [21,23,28]; this study also identified regional variations in terms of discriminatory attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS. This may be due to the different traditional behaviors and conservative outlooks that aggravate discrimination in regions of SSA Africa.…”

Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 88%

“…In addition, in this study, being married or having a history of marriage had lower odds of having a discriminatory attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS as compared to those who were never married/single. This is contrary to studies conducted in Ethiopia and Nigeria, which revealed that married individuals have a higher discriminatory attitude toward people living with HIV/AIDS than singles [18,21]. The possible reason why married/those having marriage history had a higher discriminatory attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS, in this study, may be due to gaining knowledge through discussion with their partner or since this group of individuals might be older and have a chance of gaining knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS through their experience.…”

Section: Plos Onecontrasting

confidence: 87%

“…Previous evidence in different parts of Africa revealed that the magnitude of HIV/AIDSrelated discriminatory attitude is significantly high, which ranges from 40% to 93.8% [17][18][19]. Studies have shown that different factors such as sex of respondent, educational status, mass media exposure, age, employment, comprehensive knowledge, place of residence, and community level of education are important factors associated with discriminatory attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS [17,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discriminatory attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS and its associated factors among adult population in 15 sub-Saharan African nations

Teshale

Tesema

2022

PLoS ONE

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Background Discrimination of people living with HIV/AIDS is one of the reported obstacles to the achievement of universal access to HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, care, and support programs. Many international agencies have made combating HIV/AIDS stigma and discrimination a top priority. However, previous evidence in different parts of Africa revealed that the magnitude of HIV/AIDS-related discriminatory attitude is significantly high. Objective To assess discriminatory attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS and its associated factors among the adult population in 15 sub-Saharan African nations. Methods We have used the 15 Demographic and Health Survey data that were conducted in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) from 2015 to 2019/20. Each country’s data was appended and a total weighted sample of 318,186 (unweighted sample = 315,448) adults who had ever heard of AIDS was used for the final analysis. The two discriminatory attitude questions were used to get the outcome variable and those who answered “Yes” or “don’t know” for both questions were counted as if they had no discriminatory attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS. To assess the factors associated with discriminatory attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS, we have fitted a multilevel binary logistic regression model. Bivariable analysis was done to select eligible variables for the multivariable analysis. Finally, variables with p<0.05, in the multivariable analysis, were considered as significant predictors of discriminatory attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS. Results The prevalence of discriminatory attitude towards HIV/AIDS in the 15 sub-Saharan African nations was 47.08% (95% CI: 47.08, 47.42), which ranges from 17.64% (95% CI: 17.22, 18.07) in Malawi to 79.75% (95% CI: 79.02, 80.45) in Guinea. In the multivariable analysis, both individual level and community level variables were significantly associated with discriminatory attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS. Being younger age, no formal education, never married, low socioeconomic status, male-headed household, non-contraceptive use, no mass media exposure, and incorrect comprehensive knowledge towards HIV/AIDS were among the individual-level factors that were associated with higher odds of discriminatory attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS. While being from urban residence and the western SSA region were among the community-level factors that were significantly associated with higher odds discriminatory attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS. Conclusion The prevalence of discriminatory attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS in 15 sub-Saharan African nations was high. Both individual and community-level factors were associated with discriminatory attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS. Therefore, special attention should be given to those who are poor, uneducated, and younger adults. In addition, it is better to strengthen the accessibilities of different media for adult populations to create an appropriate attitude towards people with HIV/AIDS.

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Section: Plos Onecontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Plos Onecontrasting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discriminatory attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS and its associated factors among adult population in 15 sub-Saharan African nations

Teshale

Tesema

2022

PLoS ONE

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“…Discrimination towards PLHA can occur in either urban or rural areas. Previous studies have identified higher discrimination towards PLHA among rural dwellers when compared to urban dwellers [ 27 – 29 ]. However, in this study, rural dwellers were found to have a lower probability of discrimination towards PLHA when compared to urban dwellers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Factors Affecting Discrimination Towards People Living With HIV/AIDS in Indonesia

Sadarang¹

2022

J Prev Med Public Health

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Objectives: This study aimed to identify the behaviors associated with discrimination towards people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) in Indonesia and to determine the factors affecting discrimination.Methods: Secondary data from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey were analyzed using a cross-sectional design. Discrimination was assessed based on the questions (1) “Should children infected with HIV/AIDS be allowed to attend school with non-infected children?” and (2) “Would you buy fresh vegetables from a farmer or shopkeeper known to be infected with HIV/AIDS?” Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the factors affecting discrimination, with adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CIs) used to show the strength, direction, and significance of the associations among factors.Results: In total, 68.9% of 21 838 individuals showed discrimination towards PLHA. The odds of discrimination were lower among women (aOR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.71), rural dwellers (aOR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.75 to 0.89), those who understood how HIV is transmitted from mother to child (aOR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.89), and those who felt ashamed of their own family’s HIV status (aOR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.61). The odds were higher among individuals who knew how to reduce the risk of getting HIV/AIDS (aOR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.39), how HIV/AIDS is transmitted (aOR, 3.49; 95% CI, 3.09 to 3.95), and were willing to care for an infected relative (aOR, 2.78; 95% CI, 2.47 to 3.13). A model consisting of those variables explained 69% of the variance in discrimination.Conclusions: Gender, residence, knowledge, and attitudes related to HIV/AIDS were explanatory factors for discrimination against PLHA. Improvements in HIV/AIDS education programs are needed to prevent discrimination.

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Individual and community level factors associated with discriminatory attitudes against people living with HIV/AIDS among women of reproductive age in three sub-Saharan African countries: evidence from the most recent demographic and health survey (2021/22)

Workneh,

Zegeye,

Tamir

et al. 2024

BMC Public Health

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Introduction HIV-related stigma and discrimination significantly affects health, and well-being, willingness to be tested for HIV, initiation and adherence to antiretroviral therapy, and quality of life. However, the findings of the prior studies revealed that the prevalence of discrimination against people living with HIV is high. Thus, we aimed to assess the magnitude of discriminatory attitudes against people living with HIV/AIDS and associated factors in three sub-Saharan African countries. Methods The appended and most recent Demographic and Health Survey dataset of three sub-Saharan African countries from 2021 to 2022 was used for data analysis. A total of 56,690 women aged 15–49 years were included in this study as a weighted sample. The determinants of discriminatory attitudes against people living with HIV/AIDS were determined using a multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model. Significant factors associated with discriminatory attitudes against people living with HIV/AIDS in the multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression model were declared significant at p-values < 0.05. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and confidence interval (CI) were used to interpret the results. Result The overall prevalence of discriminatory attitudes against people living with HIV/AIDS was 28.19% (95% CI: 27.74%, 28.64%). In the multivariable analysis, individual level (being young, being an internet user, being tested for HIV, and having comprehensive knowledge about HIV) and community level (being a rural dweller) were factors associated with discriminatory attitudes against people living with HIV/AIDS. Conclusion The prevalence of discriminatory attitudes against people living with HIV/AIDS in three sub-Saharan African countries was high. Individual and community-level variables were associated with discriminatory attitudes against people living with HIV/AIDS. Therefore, special consideration should be given to rural dwellers and young adults. In addition, better to strengthen the accessibility of Internet and HIV testing services, and improve HIV-related education to reduce the magnitude of discriminatory attitudes against people living with HIV/AIDS.

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Predictors of Discrimination Towards People Living with HIV/AIDS Among People Aged 15–49 Years in Ethiopia: A Multilevel Analysis

Cited by 8 publications

References 55 publications

Discriminatory attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS and its associated factors among adult population in 15 sub-Saharan African nations

Discriminatory attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS and its associated factors among adult population in 15 sub-Saharan African nations

Prevalence and Factors Affecting Discrimination Towards People Living With HIV/AIDS in Indonesia

Individual and community level factors associated with discriminatory attitudes against people living with HIV/AIDS among women of reproductive age in three sub-Saharan African countries: evidence from the most recent demographic and health survey (2021/22)

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