Predictive visual search: Role of environmental regularities in the learning of context cues

Zinchenko, Artyom; Conci, Markus; Müller, Hermann J.; Geyer, Thomas

doi:10.3758/s13414-018-1500-4

Cited by 38 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…Further this numerical RT facilitation of the repeated context in the last search epoch was significantly smaller than that in Experiment 1, suggesting low global repetition (1:5) hinders contextual learning. Note similar findings were also observed in our recent study ( Zinchenko et al, in press ) that tested different presentation ratios of repeated displays (20%, 50% vs. 80%) within the same group of participants. That is participants showed significant contextual cueing effect with repetition ratio of 50 and 80% but not of 20%.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Consequently, the present study with four experiments aimed to investigate whether global repetition formed by the presentation ratio of repeated relative to non-repeated contexts mediates contextual cueing effect. In general, there are three possible methods for manipulating global repetitions in visual search: (1) reducing or increasing the number of repeated (but not non-repeated) displays, (2) changing the number of non-repeated (but not repeated) displays (e.g., Zinchenko et al, in press ) or (3) reducing (or increasing) the number of repeated displays while at the same time increasing (or reducing) non-repeated displays, in order to maintain the total number of displays per block. The former two methods change the total number of trials in an experiment which affect overall experimental time and may require different amount of cognitive resources to complete the whole experiment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global Repetition Influences Contextual Cueing

et al. 2018

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Our visual system has a striking ability to improve visual search based on the learning of repeated ambient regularities, an effect named contextual cueing. Whereas most of the previous studies investigated contextual cueing effect with the same number of repeated and non-repeated search displays per block, the current study focused on whether a global repetition frequency formed by different presentation ratios between the repeated and non-repeated configurations influence contextual cueing effect. Specifically, the number of repeated and non-repeated displays presented in each block was manipulated: 12:12, 20:4, 4:20, and 4:4 in Experiments 1–4, respectively. The results revealed a significant contextual cueing effect when the global repetition frequency is high (≥1:1 ratio) in Experiments 1, 2, and 4, given that processing of repeated displays was expedited relative to non-repeated displays. Nevertheless, the contextual cueing effect reduced to a non-significant level when the repetition frequency reduced to 4:20 in Experiment 3. These results suggested that the presentation frequency of repeated relative to the non-repeated displays could influence the strength of contextual cueing. In other words, global repetition statistics could be a crucial factor to mediate contextual cueing effect.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Repetition Influences Contextual Cueing

et al. 2018

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“…Contextual cueing is an important predictive-coding mechanism, helping us to rapidly detect and respond to target objects in recurrent scenes 37 . Prior studies were inconclusive as to whether contextual learning involves an implicit or an explicit memory system, though the balance of evidence suggested a role of consciously accessible memory in contextual cueing 4,10 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Task-based memory systems in contextual-cueing of visual search and explicit recognition

Geyer

Rostami

Sogerer

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Visual search is facilitated when observers encounter targets in repeated display arrangements. This ‘contextual-cueing’ (CC) effect is attributed to incidental learning of spatial distractor-target relations. Prior work has typically used only one recognition measure (administered after the search task) to establish whether CC is based on implicit or explicit memory of repeated displays, with the outcome depending on the diagnostic accuracy of the test. The present study compared two explicit memory tests to tackle this issue: yes/no recognition of a given search display as repeated versus generation of the quadrant in which the target (which was replaced by a distractor) had been located during the search task, thus closely matching the processes involved in performing the search. While repeated displays elicited a CC effect in the search task, both tests revealed above-chance knowledge of repeated displays, though explicit-memory accuracy and its correlation with contextual facilitation in the search task were more pronounced for the generation task. These findings argue in favor of a one-system, explicit-memory account of CC. Further, they demonstrate the superiority of the generation task for revealing the explicitness of CC, likely because both the search and the memory task involve overlapping processes (in line with ‘transfer-appropriate processing’).

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“…The viewing distance was 60 cm. Participants placed their fingers (except the thumbs) on the eight solenoid actuators (e.g., Chun & Jiang, 1998, 1999Assumpção et al, 2015;Zellin et al, 2014;Zinchenko, Conci, Müller, & Geyer, 2018), aiming for 85% power to detect a relatively large effect size (f(U) = 0.8) in a repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA; η p 2 = 0.4) with an alpha level of .05. Power estimates were computed using G*Power (Erdfelder, Faul, & Buchner, 1996).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crossmodal learning of target-context associations: When would tactile context predict visual search?

Chen¹,

Shi²,

Zang

et al. 2019

Atten Percept Psychophys

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It is well established that statistical learning of visual target locations in relation to constantly positioned visual distractors facilitates visual search. In the present study, we investigated whether such a contextual-cueing effect would also work crossmodally, from touch onto vision. Participants responded to the orientation of a visual target singleton presented among seven homogenous visual distractors. Four tactile stimuli, two to different fingers of each hand, were presented either simultaneously with or prior to the visual stimuli. The identity of the stimulated fingers provided the crossmodal context cue: in half of the trials, a given visual target location was consistently paired with a given tactile configuration. The visual stimuli were presented above the unseen fingers, ensuring spatial correspondence between vision and touch. We found no evidence of crossmodal contextual cueing when the two sets of items (tactile, visual) were presented simultaneously (Experiment 1). However, a reliable crossmodal effect emerged when the tactile distractors preceded the onset of visual stimuli 700 ms (Experiment 2). But crossmodal cueing disappeared again when, after an initial learning phase, participants flipped their hands, making the tactile distractors appear at different positions in external space while their somatotopic positions remained unchanged (Experiment 3). In all experiments, participants were unable to explicitly discriminate learned from novel multisensory arrays. These findings indicate that search-facilitating context memory can be established across vision and touch. However, in order to guide visual search, the (predictive) tactile configurations must be remapped from their initial somatotopic into a common external representational format.

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Predictive visual search: Role of environmental regularities in the learning of context cues

Cited by 38 publications

References 62 publications

Global Repetition Influences Contextual Cueing

Global Repetition Influences Contextual Cueing

Task-based memory systems in contextual-cueing of visual search and explicit recognition

Crossmodal learning of target-context associations: When would tactile context predict visual search?

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