Global Repetition Influences Contextual Cueing

Zang, Xuelian; Zinchenko, Artyom; Jia, Lile; Assumpção, Leonardo; Li, Hong

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00402

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Prior research had shown that contextual cueing is influenced by the frequency with which a given repeated display appears in a given block of trials (with larger contextual-cueing effects for frequently repeated displays; cf. Tseng, Hsu, Tzeng, Hung, & Juan, 2011;Zang, Zinchenko, Jia, Assumpção, & Li, 2018). Given this, investigating the effects of expectations arising from the relative repetitions of repeated and nonrepeated displays on context-based guidance of search would require that the effects of absolute repetitions of individual targetdistractor arrangements are equated across the critical learning conditions.…”

Section: Experiments 1a: Baselinementioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive visual search: Role of environmental regularities in the learning of context cues

Zinchenko

Conci

Müller

et al. 2018

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Repeatedly searching through invariant spatial arrangements in visual search displays leads to the buildup of memory about these displays (contextual-cueing effect). In the present study, we investigate (1) whether contextual cueing is influenced by global statistical properties of the task and, if so, (2) whether these properties increase the overall strength (asymptotic level) or the temporal development (speed) of learning. Experiment 1a served as baseline against which we tested the effects of increased or decreased proportions of repeated relative to nonrepeated displays (Experiments 1b and 1c, respectively), thus manipulating the global statistical properties of search environments. Importantly, probability variations were achieved by manipulating the number of nonrepeated (baseline) displays so as to equate the total number of repeated displays across experiments. In Experiment 1d, repeated and nonrepeated displays were presented in longer streaks of trials, thus establishing a stable environment of sequences of repeated displays. Our results showed that the buildup of contextual cueing was expedited in the statistically rich Experiments 1b and 1d, relative to the baseline Experiment 1a. Further, contextual cueing was entirely absent when repeated displays occurred in the minority of trials (Experiment 1c). Together, these findings suggest that contextual cueing is modulated by observers' assumptions about the reliability of search environments.

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Section: Experiments 1a: Baselinementioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive visual search: Role of environmental regularities in the learning of context cues

Zinchenko

Conci

Müller

et al. 2018

Atten Percept Psychophys

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…It was shown that only those participants who started with 100% repeated displays, showed contextual benefits in the subsequent task, suggesting that the contextual cueing effect was stronger when participants learned and obtained certain expectations/beliefs about the existence of statistical regularities (i.e., repeated displays). A recent study found that global repetition frequency formed by different presentation ratios between the repeated and non-repeated configurations influences contextual cueing effect (Zang et al, 2018;Zinchenko et al, 2018), further confirming that global expectations can further modulate contextual memories. Applied to the current findings, it is reasonable that once participants form some expectations about the environmental regularities (i.e., about the existence of repeated displays), it is easier to acquire new contextual associations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Task-Irrelevant Context Learned Under Rapid Display Presentation: Selective Attention in Associative Blocking

Zang

Assumpção

et al. 2021

Front. Psychol.

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In the contextual cueing task, visual search is faster for targets embedded in invariant displays compared to targets found in variant displays. However, it has been repeatedly shown that participants do not learn repeated contexts when these are irrelevant to the task. One potential explanation lays in the idea of associative blocking, where salient cues (task-relevant old items) block the learning of invariant associations in the task-irrelevant subset of items. An alternative explanation is that the associative blocking rather hinders the allocation of attention to task-irrelevant subsets, but not the learning per se. The current work examined these two explanations. In two experiments, participants performed a visual search task under a rapid presentation condition (300 ms) in Experiment 1, or under a longer presentation condition (2,500 ms) in Experiment 2. In both experiments, the search items within both old and new displays were presented in two colors which defined the irrelevant and task-relevant items within each display. The participants were asked to search for the target in the relevant subset in the learning phase. In the transfer phase, the instructions were reversed and task-irrelevant items became task-relevant (and vice versa). In line with previous studies, the search of task-irrelevant subsets resulted in no cueing effect post-transfer in the longer presentation condition; however, a reliable cueing effect was generated by task-irrelevant subsets learned under the rapid presentation. These results demonstrate that under rapid display presentation, global attentional selection leads to global context learning. However, under a longer display presentation, global attention is blocked, leading to the exclusive learning of invariant relevant items in the learning session.

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“…However, in contrast to Experiment 1, no contextual cueing was observed when both reference frames yielded invalid predictions ( Ego–/Allo– ). This was expected if participants relied more on the external reference frame (and less on allocentric information from the search display itself) because of the frame's higher overall validity (Zang et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Interim Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As mentioned, in Experiment 1, the allocentric reference frame had a low predictiveness of the target location and therefore might not have been used to retrieve memory traces of repeated displays. Apparently, the increased validity of the external reference frame prompted its use for search guidance in repeated displays (Zang et al, 2018 ). Note, this difference cannot be due to learning because the learning phases of Experiments 1 and 2 did not differ in validity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Egocentric and Allocentric Reference Frames Can Flexibly Support Contextual Cueing

2021

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We investigated if contextual cueing can be guided by egocentric and allocentric reference frames. Combinations of search configurations and external frame orientations were learned during a training phase. In Experiment 1, either the frame orientation or the configuration was rotated, thereby disrupting either the allocentric or egocentric and allocentric predictions of the target location. Contextual cueing survived both of these manipulations, suggesting that it can overcome interference from both reference frames. In contrast, when changed orientations of the external frame became valid predictors of the target location in Experiment 2, we observed contextual cueing as long as one reference frame was predictive of the target location, but contextual cueing was eliminated when both reference frames were invalid. Thus, search guidance in repeated contexts can be supported by both egocentric and allocentric reference frames as long as they contain valid information about the search goal.

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Global Repetition Influences Contextual Cueing

Cited by 15 publications

References 35 publications

Predictive visual search: Role of environmental regularities in the learning of context cues

Predictive visual search: Role of environmental regularities in the learning of context cues

Task-Irrelevant Context Learned Under Rapid Display Presentation: Selective Attention in Associative Blocking

Egocentric and Allocentric Reference Frames Can Flexibly Support Contextual Cueing

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