Predictive Models of Acute Mountain Sickness after Rapid Ascent to Various Altitudes

Beidleman, Beth A.; Tighiouart, Hocine; Schmid, Christopher H.; Fulco, Charles S.; Muza, Stephen R.

doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31827989ec

Cited by 64 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The major determinants of AMS are the altitude attained [22], individual susceptibility, rate of ascent and degree of preacclimatisation [13,23,24]. Therefore, prevalence of AMS depends very much on the study setting.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute high-altitude sickness

2017

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At any point 1-5 days following ascent to altitudes ⩾2500 m, individuals are at risk of developing one of three forms of acute altitude illness: acute mountain sickness, a syndrome of nonspecific symptoms including headache, lassitude, dizziness and nausea; high-altitude cerebral oedema, a potentially fatal illness characterised by ataxia, decreased consciousness and characteristic changes on magnetic resonance imaging; and high-altitude pulmonary oedema, a noncardiogenic form of pulmonary oedema resulting from excessive hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction which can be fatal if not recognised and treated promptly. This review provides detailed information about each of these important clinical entities. After reviewing the clinical features, epidemiology and current understanding of the pathophysiology of each disorder, we describe the current pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches to the prevention and treatment of these diseases.

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Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute high-altitude sickness

2017

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“…Thus, future studies should implement a more robust sleep questionnaire, for example, the Groningen Sleep Questionnaire and/or direct polysomnography assessments. Third, due to the relatively small numbers of questionnaire items, the effect of other potential candidate factors, such as a history of previous AMS, migraine (Richalet et al, 2012;Canouï-Poitrine et al, 2014;Vinnikov et al, 2014), body mass index (obesity) (Beidleman et al, 2013), physical activity level (Beidleman et al, 2013), physical exertion (Roach et al, 2000), current smoking status (Beidleman et al, 2013;Vinnikov et al, 2014), cardiorespiratory responses to hypoxia (Oliver et al, 2012;Richalet et al, 2012;Canouï-Poitrine et al, 2014), and hydration status, including drinking habits (Mairer et al, 2009;Oliver et al, 2012), which have been investigated previously, on AMS in this population remains uncertain. Although future studies that include these items are warranted, our results clearly demonstrated that sleeping altitude may play an important role in increasing the prevalence and severity of AMS.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Sleeping Altitude on Symptoms of Acute Mountain Sickness on Mt. Fuji

Horiuchi

Uno

Endo

et al. 2018

High Altitude Medicine & Biology

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Horiuchi, Masahiro, Tadashi Uno, Junko Endo, Yoko Handa, and Tatsuya Hasegawa. Impact of sleeping altitude on symptoms of acute mountain sickness on Mt. Fuji. High Alt Med Biol. 19:193-200, 2018. Aims: We sought to investigate the factors influencing acute mountain sickness (AMS) on Mt. Fuji in Japan, in particular, to assess the effects of sleeping altitude, by means of a questionnaire survey. This study involved 1932 participants who climbed Mt. Fuji, and obtained information regarding sex, age, and whether participants stayed at the mountain lodges. The AMS survey excluded the perceived sleep difficulties assessed with the Lake Louise Scoring (LLS) system for all climbers. Results: The overall prevalence of AMS was 31.6% for all participants (LLS score ‡3 with headache, excluding sleep difficulties). A univariate analysis revealed that overnight stay at Mt. Fuji was associated with an increased prevalence of AMS, but that sex and age were not. For overnight lodgers, the mean sleeping altitude in participants with AMS was slightly higher than that in participants without AMS ( p < 0.05). Moreover, participants who stayed above 2870 m were more likely to experience AMS than those who stayed below 2815 m ( p < 0.001), but sex and age were not significantly associated with the probability of experiencing AMS. Conclusions: Staying overnight at a mountain lodge, especially one above 2870 m, may be associated with an increased prevalence of AMS on Mt. Fuji.

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“…However, it appears that there are no sex differences in the rate of acclimation to altitude, the prevalence of acute mountain sickness (AMS), or in the ability to perform work while at altitude (Gore et al 1997;Hackett et al 1976). Using modelling methods applied to historical data, lower severity but not frequency of AMS were predicted for both active and inactive men than for comparably fit women (Beidleman et al 2013). The authors hypothesized that the reduced severity of AMS was possibly due to increased progesterone in premenopausal women with possible mediators of endothelial permeability and free radical production.…”

Section: Sex Differences In Response To Environmental Extremesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current considerations related to physiological differences between the sexes and physical employment standards

Roberts

Gebhardt²,

Gaskill

et al. 2016

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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The use of physical employment standards (PES) has helped ensure that workers have the physical attributes necessary to complete their jobs in a safe and efficient manner. However, PES used in the selection processes have not always reflected the critical physical requirements of the job tasks. Women generally have smaller anthropometric stature than men, less muscle mass, and therefore less strength, power, and endurance, particularly in the upper body. Nonetheless, these attributes in themselves are not valid grounds for exclusion from employment in physically demanding occupations. Selection standards based upon size or strength, irrespective of the job requirements, have resulted in the barring of capable women from physically demanding jobs, claims of gender bias, and costly litigations. To ensure all individuals are provided with equal access to employment, accurate characterization of the critical physical requirements of the job is paramount. This paper summarizes the existing research related to disparities between the sexes that contribute to sex differences in job performance in physically demanding occupations including physical and legal factors. Strategies for mitigating these differences in the setting of PES and the meeting of minimum employment standards are discussed. Where available, injury rates for women and men in physically demanding occupations are presented and the etiology considered. Finally, areas for further research are identified.

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Predictive Models of Acute Mountain Sickness after Rapid Ascent to Various Altitudes

Cited by 64 publications

References 31 publications

Acute high-altitude sickness

Acute high-altitude sickness

Impact of Sleeping Altitude on Symptoms of Acute Mountain Sickness on Mt. Fuji

Current considerations related to physiological differences between the sexes and physical employment standards

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