Predictive Modeling of VO2max Based on 20 m Shuttle Run Test for Young Healthy People

Abstract

This study presents mathematical models for predicting VO2max based on a 20 m shuttle run and anthropometric parameters. The research was conducted with data provided by 308 young healthy people (aged 20.6 ± 1.6). The research group includes 154 females (aged 20.3 ± 1.2) and 154 males (aged 20.8 ± 1.8). Twenty-four variables were used to build the models, including one dependent variable and 23 independent variables. The predictive methods of analysis include: the classical model of ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, regularized methods such as ridge regression and Lasso regression, artificial neural networks such as the multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF) network. All models were calculated in R software (version 3.5.0, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). The study also involved variable selection methods (Lasso and stepwise regressions) to identify optimum predictors for the analysed study group. In order to compare and choose the best model, leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) was used. The paper presents three types of models: for females, males and the whole group. An analysis has revealed that the models for females ( RMSE C V = 4.07 mL·kg−1·min−1) are characterised by a smaller degree of error as compared to male models ( RMSE C V = 5.30 mL·kg−1·min−1). The model accounting for sex generated an error level of RMSE C V = 4.78 mL·kg−1·min−1.

Estimated Artificial Neural Network Modeling of Maximal Oxygen Uptake Based on Multistage 10-m Shuttle Run Test in Healthy Adults

“…In the field of sports medicine, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is the most important physical factor in assessing health conditions, including metabolic and cardiovascular disease [1,2]. CRF is a physiological indicator that reflects the ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to deliver oxygen to skeletal muscles during exercise [3].…”

“…Additionally, a low CRF increases the risk of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease [8][9][10][11]. As such, CRF can be used as a risk indicator that can provides information in clinical decision making, and efforts to enhance or maintain an appropriate level of CRF via physical activity are critical [1,3,12,13].…”

“…Maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2 max) is the main criterion for evaluating CRF, that is, aerobic fitness [1]. VO 2 max is generally measured by indirect calorimetry, which is a method of performing graded exercise tests using a respiratory gas analyzer, heart rate monitor, and treadmill or cycle ergometer in a laboratory [1,14]. In addition, measurement of VO 2 max via indirect calorimetry requires considerable effort, time, money, and a skilled workforce [14,15].…”

“…As such, Léger and Lambert [16] developed a 20 m shuttle run test (SRT) using a regression model to conveniently estimate VO 2 max (r = 0.84). Currently, 20 m SRT is widely used to measure cardiovascular fitness, and prediction of VO 2 max using a 20 m SRT has been reported as a useful factor in monitoring the health and physical performance of healthy individuals [1,17,18]. However, the regression model developed by Léger and Lambert [16] has the disadvantage that sex is not considered in the estimated equation, the participants are mainly in their twentieth year of age, and a distance of 25 m (straight line 20 m and safety distance 5 m) or more is required for measurement.…”

VO2FITTING: A Free and Open-Source Software for Modelling Oxygen Uptake Kinetics in Swimming and other Exercise Modalities

“…Successful sporting performance is the result of a complex interaction between many factors, which often involves testing procedures to evaluate the effects of training programs [1]. From a diversity of tests, variables and prediction models [2,3,4], sports scientists characterize dynamic profiles (kinetics) of cardiorespiratory variables to better understand the control mechanisms of muscle energetics and oxidative metabolism [4]. These profiles can inform the preparation of the annual training plan, periodization of training mesocycles and microcycles and the prescription of individual training sets [5].…”