Predictive factors and viral genetic diversity for viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus infection in Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River

Cornwell, Emily R.; Eckerlin, Geofrey E.; Thompson, Tarin M.; Batts, William N.; Getchell, Rodman G.; Groocock, Geoffrey H.; Kurath, Gael; Winton, James R.; Casey, Rufina N.; Casey, James W.; Bain, Mark B.; Bowser, Paul R.

doi:10.1016/j.jglr.2012.01.006

Cited by 21 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…Densely populated urban areas can lead to higher loading of legacy and bio-accumulative contaminants to lakes. melanostomus), first observed in the Great Lakes basin in 1990, has been found to have a consistently high prevalence of VHSV in nearshore areas (Cornwell et al, 2012).…”

Section: Demographics/societal Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological and chemical contaminants as drivers of change in the Great Lakes–St. Lawrence river basin

Cornwell

Goyette

Sorichetti

et al. 2015

Journal of Great Lakes Research

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Section: Demographics/societal Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological and chemical contaminants as drivers of change in the Great Lakes–St. Lawrence river basin

Cornwell

Goyette

Sorichetti

et al. 2015

Journal of Great Lakes Research

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“…1). Round goby and yellow perch have been targeted in other surveillance efforts (Bain et al, 2010;Cornwell et al, 2011Cornwell et al, , 2012 because round goby tend to have a higher prevalence of VHSV while yellow perch tend to have a low to moderate prevalence of VHSV. A unique site was defined as a site greater than 1 km away from any other site.…”

Section: Study Design and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This sample size was selected because if VHSV was not detected at a site, it allowed for 95% confidence that the site prevalence in that species or group of species was 5% or less (Simon and Schill, 1984;Fosgate, 2009). Fish were collected and dissected as described in Cornwell et al (2012). Briefly, fish were collected by electrofishing.…”

Section: Study Design and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The qRT-PCR assay used was that reported by Hope et al (2010) with slight modifications described in Cornwell et al (2012). All samples were initially run in duplicate.…”

Section: Testing For Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Active surveillance efforts have resulted in detection of virus in new species (Frattini et al, 2011) and in additional locations (Cornwell et al, 2011). These efforts have allowed for preliminary modeling of infection dynamics, including predictive factors for infection (Cornwell et al, 2012). However, surveillance to date has not accounted for imperfect detection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Applying multi-scale occupancy models to infer host and site occupancy of an emerging viral fish pathogen in the Great Lakes

Cornwell

Anderson

Coleman

et al. 2015

Journal of Great Lakes Research

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Evolutionary trajectory of fishPiscine novirhabdovirus(=Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus) across its Laurentian Great Lakes history: Spatial and temporal diversification

Stepien

Niner

2020

Ecology and Evolution

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Piscine novirhabdovirus = Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSV) first appeared in the Laurentian Great Lakes with large outbreaks from 2005 to 2006, as a new and novel RNA rhabdovirus subgenogroup (IVb) that killed >30 fish species. Interlude periods punctuated smaller more localized outbreaks in 2007, 2010, and 2017, although some fishes tested positive in the intervals. There have not been reports of outbreaks or positives from 2018, 2019, or 2020. Here, we employ a combined population genetics and phylogenetic approach to evaluate spatial and temporal evolutionary trajectory on its G‐gene sequence variation, in comparison with whole‐genome sequences (11,083 bp) from a subset of 44 individual isolates (including 40 newly sequenced ones). Our results show that IVb (N = 184 individual fish isolates) diversified into 36 G‐gene haplotypes from 2003 to 2017, stemming from two originals (“a” and “b”). G‐gene haplotypes “a” and “b” differed by just one synonymous single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) substitution, remained the most abundant until 2011, then disappeared. Group “a” descendants (14 haplotypes) remained most prevalent in the Upper and Central Great Lakes, with eight (51%) having nonsynonymous substitutions. Group “b” descendants primarily have occurred in the Lower Great Lakes, including 22 haplotypes, of which 15 (68%) contained nonsynonymous changes. Evolutionary patterns of the whole‐genome sequences (which had 34 haplotypes among 44 isolates) appear congruent with those from the G‐gene. Virus populations significantly diverged among the Upper, Central, and Lower Great Lakes, diversifying over time. Spatial divergence was apparent in the overall patterns of nucleotide substitutions, while amino acid changes increased temporally. VHSV‐IVb thus significantly differentiated across its less than two decades in the Great Lakes, accompanied by declining outbreaks and virulence. Continuing diversification likely allowed the virus to persist at low levels in resident fish populations, and may facilitate its potential for further and future spread to new habitats and nonacclimated hosts.

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Predictive factors and viral genetic diversity for viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus infection in Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River

Cited by 21 publications

References 34 publications

Biological and chemical contaminants as drivers of change in the Great Lakes–St. Lawrence river basin

Biological and chemical contaminants as drivers of change in the Great Lakes–St. Lawrence river basin

Applying multi-scale occupancy models to infer host and site occupancy of an emerging viral fish pathogen in the Great Lakes

Evolutionary trajectory of fishPiscine novirhabdovirus(=Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus) across its Laurentian Great Lakes history: Spatial and temporal diversification

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