Predictive correlations for leaking heat transfer fluid aerosols in air

Krishna, Kiran; Kim, T.K.; Kihm, Kenneth D.; Rogers, William J.; Mannan, M. Sam

doi:10.1016/s0950-4230(02)00091-8

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…It has been shown in previous work that factors influencing aerosol droplet size during pressurized release of industrial fluids should be considered to prevent formation of flammable aerosols. − Results of the current work also suggests we consider the factors influencing the movement or dispersion of aerosol droplets in the assessment of potential fire hazards of flammable aerosols, because the droplet movement also influences the combustion characteristics in aerosols. These factors may include distance from the fluid releasing source, turbulence, and nonuniformities in the flow and the rate of mixing of fuel and air.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Study on Flame Characteristics in Aerosols by Industrial Heat Transfer Fluids

Lian

Mejı́a

et al. 2011

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Due to the complexity of aerosol formation and the combustion process, fire and explosion hazards of flammable aerosols formed in the process industry are not fully understood. In this study, the flame propagation process of aerosolized industrial heat transfer fluids was investigated to understand the combustion phenomena in aerosol systems. Experimental observation shows different characteristics of flames propagation in aerosol systems, which are determined by the evaporated fuel vapor in aerosol system prior to encountering the flame and the amount of fuel vapor from droplets evaporating inside flames. Numerical modeling revealed that these factors were mainly determined by aerosol droplet size and velocity. The observed characteristics of the aerosol flames and the nature of continuous fuel evaporation that causes the reduction of droplet sizes suggest that ignition of flammable aerosols in the process plant might create more severe consequences than ignition of vapor mixtures. Results also imply that the aerosol dispersion conditions, as well as its formation conditions in scenarios of industrial fluid release, which determine the droplet size and movement velocity, need to be considered in assessment of fire hazard from the flammable aerosols.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Study on Flame Characteristics in Aerosols by Industrial Heat Transfer Fluids

Lian

Mejı́a

et al. 2011

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Environmental contamination resulting from HTF aerosol explosions was studied by emulating leaks in process equipment. 10 A model was built to predict aerosol droplet diameters based on bulk liquid pressures and temperatures as well as thermal and fluid properties plus leak sizes and ambient conditions. The model could be used to forecast conditions under which leaks would cause the formation of…”

Section: An Indoor Multimedia Chemical Fate Model Has Been Developedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model was employed to evaluate the PCB distribution throughout the Altamaha River and its sediments in the American state of Georgia. Environmental contamination resulting from HTF aerosol explosions was studied by emulating leaks in process equipment 10 . A model was built to predict aerosol droplet diameters based on bulk liquid pressures and temperatures as well as thermal and fluid properties plus leak sizes and ambient conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate and transport analysis of a Dowtherm–A chemical release event

Abugazleh,

Ali,

Jeong

et al. 2023

Process Safety Progress

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A hypothetical chemical release of Dowtherm–A into the environment was simulated using a chemodynamics code. The chemical release was assumed to come from a concentrating solar power plant adjacent to Lake Tahoe. Dowtherm–A is viscous water‐insoluble nonvolatile oil found mostly in liquid form at standard temperature and pressure; however, trace amounts slowly diffuse into the three environmental phases: air, water, and soil. It is a commercial eutectic binary mixture of diphenyl oxide and biphenyl—both are toxic and flammable. Therminol VP–1 is another commercial heat transfer oil made by Eastman that is essentially the same oil as Dowtherm–A made by Dow: same constituents at equal proportions. Therefore, the results reported in this study apply to both fluids. Solar thermal power generation represents a clean source of energy that almost uses no fossil fuels and thus does not emit any greenhouse gases. However, the oil employed in those solar thermal power plants is dangerous and should be carefully handled to avoid leakage.

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“…Some of the studies on the atomization process use dimensionless numbers to quantify the diameters of droplets [8][9][10][11][12]. A dimensional analysis allows the strategy of choosing the relevant data and how they should be represented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Film Fraction and Droplet Size inside of a Rectangular Venturi Scrubber

Guerra

Daher

Gonçalves

et al. 2010

MSF

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The Venturi scrubber, equipment frequently used in the removal of particles from gases, is constituted basically by a duct with a convergent section followed by a constriction, or throat, and a divergent section. A liquid, usually injected in the throat, is atomized by the flowing air at high speed. The formed droplets act as collectors of particles from the gas. The process of droplet formation from an injected liquid can be described as follows: the liquid enters the gas stream in the form of a jet, perpendicular to the gas flow. As the jet penetrates the gas stream, it is bent by the gas drag. After a given penetration distance, a burst occurs, and the remaining jet is disintegrated as a droplet cloud. Depending on the liquid and gas flow rates, the penetration on the jet into the gas stream may reach the walls of the equipment, and a fraction of liquid deposits in the form of a film. This film contributes little for the removal of particles from the dust laden gas. Few studies have analyzed the formation of film at the scrubber walls and its influence in the droplet size inside the Venturi scrubber. For this reason, the present study is focused on the experimental measurement of the deposition of the liquid film on the walls of a rectangular Venturi scrubber and, simultaneously, the estimation of the droplet size measured in the Venturi throat. The experiments were carried out varying the liquid flow rate, the gas velocity and the number of orifices of liquid injection. A correlation, using a dimensionless number, was proposed to quantify the influence of each experimental condition. The results indicate that film fraction has a significant influence in the droplet size measured inside of Venturi scrubber.

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Predictive correlations for leaking heat transfer fluid aerosols in air

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

Study on Flame Characteristics in Aerosols by Industrial Heat Transfer Fluids

Study on Flame Characteristics in Aerosols by Industrial Heat Transfer Fluids

Fate and transport analysis of a Dowtherm–A chemical release event

Film Fraction and Droplet Size inside of a Rectangular Venturi Scrubber

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