Predictions of fate from rosette size in four ?biennial? plant species: Verbascum thapsus, Oenothera biennis, Daucus carota, and Tragopogon dubius

Gross, Katherine L.

doi:10.1007/bf00347966

Cited by 217 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

126

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Many studies show this to be true for monocarpic plants (e.g. Werner 1975;van der Meijden & van der Waals Kooi 1979;Gross 1981;Reinartz 1981). From these premises Wilbur & Collins (1973) argued that if resources become plentiful, the probability of dying as a juvenile should fall while potential fecundity should increase.…”

Section: Previous Studies Of Daucus Carotamentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Thereafter, each rosette was measured every 4 weeks during the summer until the rosette either bolted or died or until the experiment was terminated in October 1981. Because RCD is strongly correlated with rosette biomass (Gross 1981), RCD was used to estimate rosette size. The relative growth per individual for each time interval was determined by calculating the absolute change in RCD between each set of successive measurements and dividing these values by the RCD at the earlier observation time.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Genetic and Environmental Control of Reproductive Timing in a Short-Lived Monocarpic Species Daucus Carota (Umbelliferae)

Lacey¹

1986

The Journal of Ecology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

(1) Offspring of annual, biennial and triennial Daucus carota were grown under three nutrient regimes in a growth chamber to measure the effects of nutrient supply and maternal age of flowering on offspring size and growth rate and the effects of all four variables on year of flowering. (2) Offspring rosette size and recent growth rate were both good predictors of year of flowering. An increase in size but a decrease in relative growth at the end of the summer were associated with an increased probability of flowering in the next season. The results are consistent with the Wilbur-Collins model, which suggests that both size and recent growth rate influence reproductive timing and that individuals track resources by delaying the year of reproduction if resources abound or by accelerating reproduction if resources become limiting. This model, although proposed for amphibians, may describe the general relationship between growth and reproductive timing in monocarpic plants. (3) Maternal age and nutrient supply influenced rosette size, relative growth rate, and flowering time. Annual maternal plants and high nutrients produced both the largest offspring and the greatest number of annuals. Also, the maternal contribution acted directly upon the year of flowering as well as indirectly through size and recent growth. Both genetic variability and habitat heterogeneity explain the variation in year of flowering in natural populations. (4) The results provide evidence that the early-rosette growth rate and the length of the prereproductive period are negatively correlated, as predicted by theories about the evolution of life-history patterns. Rapid growth may help annuals to persist in habitats which generally favour biennials. (5) Response to nutrient supply did not vary among maternal age groups as might be expected in colonizing species. This suggests that phenotypic plasticity in response to nutrient supply evolves independently of year of reproduction.

show abstract

Section: Previous Studies Of Daucus Carotamentioning

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genetic and Environmental Control of Reproductive Timing in a Short-Lived Monocarpic Species Daucus Carota (Umbelliferae)

Lacey¹

1986

The Journal of Ecology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The Cochlearia plants reached the reproductive stage and completed their life cycles more rapidly after nutrient addition. Flowering in rosette forming plants is size-dependent rather than age-dependent (Gross, 1981) and there is evidence from elsewhere that increased P supply affects the number of flowers initiated (Bould & Parfitt, 1973;Henr\', Freedman & Svoboda. 1986).…”

Section: Growth Reproduction and Demographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant growth and reproduction on a toxic alpine ultramafic soil: adaptation to nutrient limitation

Nagy

Proctor

1997

New Phytologist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYThe ultramafic sites at Meikle Kilrannoch, Scotland, have small sparsely colonized patches with soils which have highly toxic (to many non-indigenous plants) concentrations of Mg and Ni. These toxic metals are unlikely to be the main cause of the open vegetation as the indigenous plants are at least partially tolerant of them. The hypothesis that low soil nutrients were a likely cause of the open vegetation was tested by a fertilization experiment in which major nutrients and Ca were added in August 1991 and July 1992 to replicated quadrats which initially had 5-3-6-6% plant cover. There was a large increase in plant cover on major nutrient addition. The increase in rosette size, flowering, seed production, and recruitment of the dominant semelparous Cochlearia pyrenaica DC. ssp, alpina (Bab.) Dalby was studied in detail. The increased growth of Cochlearia (and some other native species at the site) on nutrient addition strengthens the argument that a major nutrient deficiency rather than a metal toxicity limits plant growth at Meikle Kilrannoch and shows that at least some stress tolerators respond with rapid growth and reproduction when nutrient limitation is removed. A small-scale experiment set up in June 1993, in which the major nutrients were added separately, suggested that P and not N, or K was the limiting element. The effects of P seem to be unrelated to any possible reduction in the availability of the toxic ions Mg^* and Ni*^, Key words: Cochlearia pyrenaica, fertilizer addition, functional type, P, population dynamics, ultramafic (serpentine).by P fertilization. The low vegetation cover of INTRODUCTION fellfieids cannot be ascribed to toxicity generally The ultramafic sites at Meikle Kilrannoch in Angus, since they often lack elevated metal concentrations. Scotland have an unusual flora whose presence and Nutrient addition experiments made on ultramafic local pattern are at least partly related to the effects sites in the field have shown a marked response, of Mg and Ni toxicities (Nagy & Proctor, 1997). The which could be ascribed to P in those cases where the distinctive feature of the vegetation as a whole is the added nutrients were studied separately, but in none low plant cover in which it resembles that found in of these cases were the soils so toxic as those at other habitats including metal mine spoil heaps and Meikle Kilrannoch (Ferreira & Wormell, 1971; fellfieids (Spence, 1957). Metal toxicities in Meikle Turitzin, 1982; Carter, Proctor & SUngsby, 1987a; Kilrannoch soil have been demonstrated for non- Hobbs et al., 1988;Looney & Proctor, 1989; indigenous plants (e.g. Proctor, 1971; Goodwin-Huenneke e( a/., 1990), Bailey, Woodell & Loughman, 1992;Nagy & In this paper we report an experiment at Meikle Proctor, 1997), but they are unlikely to explain the Kilrannoch designed as a direct test of the hypothesis low plant cover since the indigenous (tolerant) plants that low nutrients rather than metal toxicities cause should be able to colonize the site in the absence of low plant cov...

show abstract

“…Many studies have shown that the probability of flowering in a population does not switch suddenly, but *Correspondence increases gradually with size (van der Meijden & van der Waals-Kooi, 1979;Gross, 1981;Reinartz, 1984;Lacey, 1988;Klinkhamer et al, 1991). The fact that the observations did not show the same threshold size for all plants within a population has been explained in various ways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bidirectional selection on threshold size for flowering in Cynoglossum officinale (hound's-tongue)

Wesselingh

Jong

1995

Heredity

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Previous studies have demonstrated that many facultative biennials show variation in threshold size for flowering. In order to quantify the genetic variation for this character, we performed a two-way artificial selection experiment on threshold size in Cynoglossum officinale. The parental generation, established from seed from a natural population, showed large variation in threshold sizes (2.6-13.4 g). After one generation of selection for low threshold sizes all plants in the F1 flowered at sizes below 3.2 g. In the high selection line none of the F1 plants under 3.6 g flowered, and there were very large nonflowering plants (up to 17.2 g). By interpreting the logistic regression of flowering probability on plant size as a cumulative frequency distribution of threshold sizes, we could derive the frequency distributions of threshold sizes in each generation. These were used to estimate the narrow-sense heritabiities by the standard procedure for artificial selection on a quantitative character. This gave 'heritabilities' of 0.35 and 0.32 for the high and low selection lines, respectively. A previously constructed optimization model, applied to the population in our study area, predicted strong selection against low threshold sizes, but a fairly equal fitness for threshold sizes around and above the optimum. This flat fitness profile may explain why the natural population of Cynoglossum officinale harbours extensive genetic variation for this character.

show abstract

Predictions of fate from rosette size in four ?biennial? plant species: Verbascum thapsus, Oenothera biennis, Daucus carota, and Tragopogon dubius

Cited by 217 publications

References 15 publications

The Genetic and Environmental Control of Reproductive Timing in a Short-Lived Monocarpic Species Daucus Carota (Umbelliferae)

The Genetic and Environmental Control of Reproductive Timing in a Short-Lived Monocarpic Species Daucus Carota (Umbelliferae)

Plant growth and reproduction on a toxic alpine ultramafic soil: adaptation to nutrient limitation

Bidirectional selection on threshold size for flowering in Cynoglossum officinale (hound's-tongue)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About