Prediction of the relative intake potential of grass silage by dairy cows

Huhtanen, Pekka; Khalili, Hannele; Nousiainen, Juha; Rinne, Marketta; Jaakkola, Seija; Heikkilä, Terttu

doi:10.1016/s0301-6226(01)00279-2

Cited by 116 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Silage digestibility as influenced by stage of maturity The present evaluation confirmed that SDMI is strongly influenced by silage D-value in accordance with earlier reports (Offer et al, 1998;Huhtanen et al, 2002). Silage D-value predicted SDMI much more precisely than NDF concentration.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Evaluation of the factors affecting silage intake of dairy cows: a revision of the relative silage dry-matter intake index

Huhtanen

Rinne

Nousiainen

2007

Animal

193

231

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An evaluation of the factors affecting silage dry-matter intake (SDMI) of dairy cows was conducted based on dietary treatment means. The data were divided into six subsets based on the silage treatments used in the experiments: concentration of digestible organic matter in dry matter (D-value) influenced by the maturity of grass ensiled (n ¼ 81), fermentation quality influenced by silage additives (n ¼ 240), dry matter (DM) concentration influenced by wilting of grass prior to ensiling (W; n ¼ 85), comparison of silages made from primary growth or regrowth of grass (n ¼ 46), and replacement of grass silage with legume (L; n ¼ 53) or fermented whole-crop cereal (WC; n ¼ 37) silages. The data were subjected to the mixed model regression analysis. Both silage D-value and fermentation quality significantly affected SDMI. The average effects of D-value and total acid (TA) concentration were 17.0 g and 2 12.8 per 1 g/kg DM, respectively. At a given D-value, silage neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) concentration tended to decrease SDMI. Silage TA concentration was the best fermentation parameter predicting SDMI. Adding other parameters into the multivariate models did not improve the fit and the slopes of the other parameters remained insignificant. Total NDF intake was curvilinearly related to silage D-value the maximum intake being reached at a D-value of 640 g/kg DM. Results imply that physical fill is not limiting SDMI of highly digestible grass silages and that both physical and metabolic factors constrain total DM intake in an interactive manner. Silage DM concentration had an independent curvilinear effect on SDMI. Replacing primary growth silage with regrowth, L or WC silages affected SDMI significantly, the response to regrowth silage being linearly decreasing and to L and WC quadratically increasing. The outcome of factors affecting SDMI was used to update the relative SDMI index as follows: SDMI index ¼ 100 þ 10 £ [(D-value 2 680) £ 0.0170 2 (TA 2 80) £ 0.0128 þ (0.0198 £ (DM 2 250) 2 0.00002364 £ (DM 2 2 250 2 )) 2 0.44 £ a þ 4.13 £ b 2 2.58 £ b 2 þ 5.90 £ c 2 6.14 £ c 2 2 0.0023 £ (550 2 NDF)], where a, b and c represent the proportions (0-1) of regrowth, L or WC silages from total silage DM. For the whole data set, one index unit corresponded to the default value of 0.10 kg in SDMI. The SDMI index explained proportionally 0.852 of the variation in SDMI with 0.34 kg DM per day residual. The updated SDMI index provides improved basis for the practical dairy cow ration formulation and economic evaluation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Evaluation of the factors affecting silage intake of dairy cows: a revision of the relative silage dry-matter intake index

Huhtanen

Rinne

Nousiainen

2007

Animal

193

231

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“…Decreases in WSC content observed in high N silages may also affect intake. Huhtanen et al (2002) surveyed 21 studies, and concluded that WSC content was positively correlated with voluntary intake. This illustrates the desirability of developing strategies to minimise the extent of protein degradation during ensilage of white clover.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of manipulating the protein content of white clover on silage quality

Winters

Minchin

Davies

et al. 2004

Animal Feed Science and Technology

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White clover nitrogen N content is generally high and constant throughout the growing season. It is also difficult to manipulate, as N 2 fixation tends to maintain a high N supply to the plant. White clover is a highly heterozygous, natural out-breeder, but self-fertile lines have recently been developed, including one which fails to develop nodules when grown under appropriate physiological conditions. An advantage of this line is that leaf protein content can be manipulated by altering the N supply to the plant and, in addition, it offers the opportunity to examine the effect of protein content on silage quality. This line was grown under varying levels of nitrate-N, giving rise to plants with a range of protein contents which were subsequently conserved as silage in two separate experiments. In experiment 1, both herbage protein and water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content varied, with values ranging from 17 to 31 g/kg dry matter (DM) and 52 to 72 g/kg DM, respectively. Protein content also varied in herbage grown for experiment 2, ranging from 20 to 33 g/kg DM, but variation in WSC content (91-101 g/kg DM) was not statistically significant. Silage quality was dependent on the protein content of the fresh herbage in both experiments. A comparison of herbages with high and low initial protein content, from experiments 1 and 2, respectively, revealed that a high protein content resulted in silages with a higher pH .L. Winters et al. / Animal Feed Science and Technology 116 (2004) 319-331 versus 659 g/kg TN), and an increase in free amino acid content when expressed as a proportion of total N (267 g/kg versus 90 g/kg and 323 g/kg versus 200 g/kg TN). A higher initial protein content results in a higher proportion of protein degradation during ensiling.

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“…15 (2006): 200-218. of proteolysis and secondary fermentation as evidenced by higher ammonia N and VFA concentrations which are known to influence silage intake negatively (Huhtanen et al 2002). However, compared to FA 2 and FA 4 silages, the intake of FA 0 silage was higher than expected from the general relationship between fermentation quality and intake (Huhtanen et al 2002). Highest application rate of FA improved silage DM intake by 0.42 to 0.72 kg d -1 (3.5-6.0%) as compared with the other treatments.…”

Section: Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of FA treatment on silage intake is mediated through effects on silage fermentation as silage intake is greatly influenced by the fermentation quality of silage (Huhtanen et al 2002). In addition to intake, additive treatment may modify the nutrient supply to animal through rumen fermentation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of restriction of silage fermentation with formic acid on milk production

Jaakkola¹,

Rinne²,

Heikkilä³

2008

AFSci

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The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of silage fermentation quality and type of supplementation on milk production. Thirty two Finnish Ayrshire dairy cows were used in a cyclic change-over experiment with four 21-day experimental periods and 4 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Silage fermentation was modified with formic acid (FA), which was applied at the rates equivalent to 0 (FA 0 ), 2 (FA 2 ), 4 (FA 4 ) or 6 (FA 6 ) litres t -1 grass of pure formic acid (as 100% FA). Dietary treatments consisted of four silages, a protein supplementation (no supplement or rapeseed meal 1.8 kg d -1 ) and a glucogenic substrate (no supplement or propylene glycol 225 g d -1 ). Increasing the application rate of FA restricted silage fermentation curvilinearly, as evidenced by higher concentrations of ammonia N and butyric acid in FA 4 than FA 2 silage. Similarly the use of FA resulted in curvilinear changes in the silage dry matter intake and milk yield. The highest milk and protein yields were achieved with FA 6 , while the milk yield with FA 2 was higher than with FA 4 . Interactions were observed between silage type and supplementation. Rapeseed meal increased milk yield irrespective of the extent of silage fermentation, but the magnitude of response was variable. Propylene glycol was most beneficial with restrictively fermented silages FA 4 and FA 6 . In conclusion, restriction of silage fermentation with a high rate of formic acid is beneficial in milk production. Interactions between silage composition and concentrate types suggest that the responses to supplementary feeding depend on silage fermentation characteristics.

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Prediction of the relative intake potential of grass silage by dairy cows

Cited by 116 publications

References 29 publications

Evaluation of the factors affecting silage intake of dairy cows: a revision of the relative silage dry-matter intake index

Evaluation of the factors affecting silage intake of dairy cows: a revision of the relative silage dry-matter intake index

Effects of manipulating the protein content of white clover on silage quality

Effects of restriction of silage fermentation with formic acid on milk production

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