Prediction of the distribution of alkali and trace elements between the condensed and gaseous phases in a municipal solid waste incinerator

Behavior of cesium in municipal solid waste incineration

“…Wei et al (2005) reported that most potassium (K) exists in the form of KCl gas and K 2 Si 4 O 9 liquid over 780 C, as determined by a theoretical calculation that assumed the thermodynamic equilibrium in a Danish straw incinerator. Poole et al (2008) and NIES (2012) also Fig. 7.…”

Characteristics of elements in waste ashes from a solid waste incinerator in Taiwan

“…The composition of the ash is affected by the incinerator behavior, i.e., combustion temperature, furnace type, feed rate, residence time, gas velocity, etc. [20,21]. Fig.…”

“…In the United Kingdom, the trace element compositions of MSW were as follows: Zn, Cu, and Pb were 0.75-1.5 mg/g, Cr and Ni were 100-200 g/g, and Cd, As and Co were 3-12 g/g [20]. Some studies [21,22] indicated that the amounts of Zn, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb were lower than those reported by Poole et al [20]. In some cases, the As and Cd contents were high [21].…”

“…During the incineration process, reactions occur in Cd, Zn and Pb to produce their oxides and chloride compounds [21]. Generally, increased halogen concentration can lead to enhanced volatilization [20]. The experimental work of Sørum et al [21] showed that high portions of Zn remained in the bottom ash, and 2ZnO·SiO 2 could be the dominant compound.…”

Bed Agglomeration Characteristics during Cocombustion of Animal Waste with Municipal Solid Waste in a Bubbling Fluidized-Bed Boiler—A Thermodynamic Modeling Approach

“…Other trace and ultratrace elements were excluded in the calculations, due to computational constrains and also because they do not affect the bulk properties or overall behavior of ash particles. 7,10 The selection of databases was based on the formation of possible compounds for the given conditions regarding input elements, temperature, and pressure. The included databases were FactPS, FToxide, and FTsalt for prediction of the pure solid, liquid, and gas products.…”