Prediction of Stream Flow and Sediment Yield of Lolab Watershed Using SWAT Model

Gull, Sarvat; Ma, Ahangar; Dar, Ayaz Mohmood

doi:10.4172/2157-7587.1000265

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The literature suggests two sensitive parameters-the linear parameter (SPCON) and the exponent parameter (SPEXP)-for calculating sediment re-entrained in the channel [78]. Sediment routing was used to match the observed suspended sediment load and simulated sediment loads [67,102,103]. The model's default values of SPCON (=0.0001) and SPEXP (=1) were found to provide the best match between observed and simulated monthly sediment yields.…”

Section: Sedimentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Ecosystem-Based Adaptation Measures for Sediment Yield in a Tropical Watershed in Thailand

Babel

Gunathilake

Jha

2021

Water

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Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) can potentially mitigate watershed degradation problems. In this study, various EbA measures were evaluated using a bio-physical model called the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), in a small, forested watershed named Hui Ta Poe, in the northeastern region of Thailand. The developed watershed model was first used to investigate the effect of various degraded watersheds due to land-use changes on the sediment yield in the study area. The most degraded watershed produced an annual average sediment yield of 13.5 tons/ha. This degraded watershed was then used to evaluate the effectiveness of various EbA measures such as reforestation, contouring, filter strips, and grassed waterways in reducing the sediment yield. Under all individual and combined EbA scenarios analyzed, there was a significant reduction in sediment yield; however, the maximum reduction of 88% was achieved with a combined scenario of reforestation, grassed waterways, and filter strips. Reforestation alone was found to be the second-best option, which could reduce the sediment yield by 84%. Contouring alone was the least effective, with a reduction in sediment yield of only 23%. This study demonstrates the usefulness of implementing EbA measures for sediment management strategies to address watershed degradation, which is a severe problem across the globe.

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Section: Sedimentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Ecosystem-Based Adaptation Measures for Sediment Yield in a Tropical Watershed in Thailand

Babel

Gunathilake

Jha

2021

Water

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“…In SWAT hydrological modeling, the whole basin is segmented into separate sub-basins, which are then divided into different hydrological units [17]. The hydrological response unit (HRU) is the smallest component in a sub-basin of the hydrological model, which consists of land use, soil types, and slope defined by the modeler [18]. SWAT does not provide for spatial data input for modeling, and hence, ArcSWAT was introduced, which is the graphical interface connecting the SWAT model and ArcGIS that adds spatial data, such as digital stream network, land use/land cover, agricultural management practices, soil, and weather, and assigns simulation intervals [19].…”

Section: Description Of the Swat Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of RMSE as an objective function in automatic calibration has been reported by Boyle's et al [28] to yield a biased simulation. The underestimation might be due to the high sensitivity of the optimized model to peak flow events due to the use of RMSE as the objective function, because it squares the difference between the measured and the simulated streamflow [18]. The results of sediment calibration and validation showed good correlation with the calibration, which has an NSE value of 0.7 and an R 2 value of 0.9, and validation, which has an NSE value of 0.7 and an R 2 value of 0.8 (Tables 1 and 2).…”

Section: Calibration and Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Agricultural Practices on Water Quality of Old Woman Creek Watershed, Ohio

2021

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The effect of agricultural practices on water quality of Old Woman Creek (OWC) watershed was evaluated in a hydrological model using the Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) climate data and 20 different global circulation models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). A hydrological model was set up in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), while calibration was done using a Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm and Pareto Optimization with PRISM climate data. Validation was done using the measured data from the USGS gage station at Berlin Road in the OWC watershed and water quality data were obtained from the water quality lab, Heidelberg University. Land use scenario simulations were conducted by varying percentages of agricultural land from 20% to 40%, 53.5%, 65%, and 80% while adjusting the forest area. A total of 105 simulations was run for the period 2015–2017: one with PRISM data and 20 with CMIP5 model data for each of the five land use classes scenarios. Ten variables were analyzed, including flow, sediment, organic nitrogen, organic phosphorus, mineral phosphorus, chlorophyll a, CBOD, dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus. For all the variables of interest, the average of the 20 CMIP5 simulation results show good correlation with the PRISM results with an underestimation relative to the PRISM result. The underestimation was insignificant in organic nitrogen, organic phosphorus, total nitrogen, chlorophyll a, CBOD, and total phosphorus, but was significant in CMIP5 flow, sediment, mineral phosphorus, and dissolved oxygen. A weak negative correlation was observed between agricultural land percentages and flow, and between agricultural land percentages and sediment, while a strong positive correlation was observed between agricultural land use and the water quality variables. A large increase in farmland will produce a small decrease in flow and sediment transport with a large increase in nutrient transport, which would degrade the water quality of the OWC estuary with economic implications.

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“…Geomorphic studies of some watersheds have been analyzed using various geospatial techniques which revealed that Kashmir Valley is highly susceptible to environmental hazards such as erosion, landslides, and floods due to its complex topography and perplexed geography (Gull et al 2017;Rather et al 2017;Meraj et al 2018). Lidder watershed, being one of the biggest watersheds of Kashmir Valley, needs continuous monitoring and proper assessment for effective management of its land and water resources.…”

Section: Graphical Abstract Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling streamflow and sediment yield using Soil and Water Assessment Tool: a case study of Lidder watershed in Kashmir Himalayas, India

Gull

Shah

2021

Water Practice and Technology

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The conjunction of heavy snowfall during winters and intensive rainfall during monsoons along with the mountainous topography expose the Lidder watershed to serious erosion and flood aggravation issues. Barely any attempts have been made for an in-depth examination of Lidder watershed for precise estimation of sub-basin level runoff and erosion. In this study Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was calibrated using Sequential Uncertainty Fitting algorithm (SUFI-2) for modelling streamflow and sediment yield of the Lidder watershed. Daily runoff and sediment event data from 2003–2013 were used in this study; data from 2003–2008 was used for calibration and 2009–2013 for validation. Model performance was evaluated using various statistical tools which showed good results revealing excellent potential of SWAT model to simulate streamflow and sediment yield for both calibration and validation periods. The annual rate of average upland sediment drawn from the watershed was approximately 853.96 Mg/ha for an average surface runoff of 394.15 mm/year. This study identifies the vulnerable areas of the Lidder watershed which can be thoroughly examined by decision-makers for effective management and planning. Further, the calibrated model can be applied to other watersheds with similar characterization to influence strategies in the management of watershed processes.

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Prediction of Stream Flow and Sediment Yield of Lolab Watershed Using SWAT Model

Cited by 20 publications

References 6 publications

Evaluation of Ecosystem-Based Adaptation Measures for Sediment Yield in a Tropical Watershed in Thailand

Evaluation of Ecosystem-Based Adaptation Measures for Sediment Yield in a Tropical Watershed in Thailand

Impact of Agricultural Practices on Water Quality of Old Woman Creek Watershed, Ohio

Modelling streamflow and sediment yield using Soil and Water Assessment Tool: a case study of Lidder watershed in Kashmir Himalayas, India

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