Prediction of Productivity Costs Related to Cervical Cancer Mortality in Indonesia 2018

Abstract

Background: Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of death in Indonesia, causing a significant societal burden. This study aims to quantify the burden of cervical cancer in terms of years of life lost (YLL) and productivity cost to support the idea that cervical cancer has substantial economic implications. Methods: Using an epidemiological approach on the prevalence data of 2018, the productivity cost and YLL were estimated by calculating the number of cervical cancer deaths, life expectancy, annual earnings and employment participation rate. Cervical cancer mortality data were obtained from the Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) 2018, life expectancy for Indonesia from the WHO Life Tables (2019), and the annual earnings and participation rate of Indonesia were retrieved from the National Statistics Bureau (2018). Results: In 2018, there were 17,253 deaths due to cervical cancer in Indonesia, resulting in 246,350 YLL with a total productivity cost of Indonesian Rupiah (IDR)23,174 trillion. The age group of 50 years old–64 years old experienced the greatest loss of earnings (IDR12,149 trillion), followed by the 35 years old–49 years old (IDR8,944 trillion) and 20 years old–34 years old (IDR8,944 trillion) age groups. Conclusion: The productivity impact of loss of earning due to cervical cancer mortality is significant. This information may assist decision makers in allocating scarce resources among competing priorities.

Precancerous cervical lesions and associated factors among women on antiretroviral therapy at Dukem Health Center, Central Ethiopia: A cross‐sectional study

“…The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends priority targeting the HPV vaccine for girls ages 9–13 years. Screening and prompt treatment are the most effective methods to reduce the chance of women already exposed to the virus from developing cervical cancer 10,11 . WHO currently recommends a high‐quality screening program through visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) in low‐resource settings and HPV vaccination to overcome this situation 12,13 .…”

“…Smoking, high parity, long‐term hormonal contraceptive use, and co‐infection with HIV have been identified as cofactors of precancerous cervical lesions 16 . Other factors that play a role in both persistent HPV infection and progression to cervical cancer include poor quality health care, clinical stage, socioeconomic, reproductive, and behavioral related factors 9–11 . In immune‐compromised patients, precancerous cervical lesions and cervical cancer are thought to be aggravated and progress more rapidly 17,18 .…”

“…16 Other factors that play a role in both persistent HPV infection and progression to cervical cancer include poor quality health care, clinical stage, socioeconomic, reproductive, and behavioral related factors. [9][10][11] In immune-compromised patients, precancerous cervical lesions and cervical cancer are thought to be aggravated and progress more rapidly. 17,18 Cervical lesions are three times more common in HIV-positive women.…”

Hubungan kejadian kanker serviks dengan penggunaan kontrasepsi oral pada pasien RSUD Undata Sulawesi Tengah

“…3 Di Indonesia, kanker serviks menduduki posisi kedua tertinggi dalam jumlah kasus kematian, dengan rata-rata 18.279 kasus kematian per tahun. 4 Tingkat mortalitas akibat kanker serviks sangat tinggi di negaranegara berpenghasilan rendah dan menengah. Hal ini dikaitkan dengan berbagai faktor, termasuk keterbatasan infrastruktur, kemiskinan, dan kesulitan untuk menerapkan program deteksi dan tatalaksana yang tepat.…”

“…6 Infeksi human papillomavirus (HPV) adalah penyebab tersering dari kanker serviks, yang mencapai 87% dari kasus. 4…”