Prediction of Passive Intermodulation on Mesh Reflector Antenna Using Collaborative Simulation: Multiscale Equivalent Method and Nonlinear Model

Wu, Dong; Xie, Yongjun; Yong, Kuang; Niu, Liqiang

doi:10.1109/tap.2017.2786304

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Also, signal distortion due to intermodulation (IM) products, whether it is passive IM (PIM) or is due to active elements, such as PIN diodes used in an RA, need to be measured. Although for traditional non-reconfigurable antennas some works investigated EVM [4], [5] and passive inter modulation (PIM) [6], [7], this has not been done for RAs. To that end, this work puts a great deal of efforts on characterizing the IM and EVM performances of the proposed RA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Error Vector Magnitude, Intermodulation, and Radiation Characteristics of a Bandwidth- and Pattern-Reconfigurable Antenna

Towfiq¹,

Khalat

Blanch

et al. 2019

Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett.

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This paper presents the error vector magnitude (EVM), inter modulation (IM) and radiation performances of a reconfigurable antenna (RA) capable of varying its bandwidth between 3.4-3.6 GHz and 3.1-3.9 GHz bands, and steering its main beam into three directions pertaining to θ ∈ {−30 • , 0 • , 30 • }, φ ∈ {0 • } for each band. The RA employs a multilayer structure, where two parasitically coupled reconfigurable layers using PIN diode switches enable generating the modes of operation. A fully functional RA has been fabricated and characterized. Maximum realized gain of ∼9 dB has been achieved for all modes of operation. Measurements indicated less than -25dB (5.6%) EVM for input powers up to 30dBm and revealed that the combined effects of loose solder joints and large non-linear response of PIN diodes are the main factors resulting in passive IM products. Index Terms-Reconfigurable antennas, Multifrequency antennas, EVM, PIM

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Error Vector Magnitude, Intermodulation, and Radiation Characteristics of a Bandwidth- and Pattern-Reconfigurable Antenna

Towfiq¹,

Khalat

Blanch

et al. 2019

Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett.

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“…The PIM values at different positions at the same distance were measured for auxiliary verification. The measurement intervals 0.7 m and 0.5 m at the corresponding distances meet the requirements of Equation (12). The measurement setup is shown in Figure 8b, while the results of measurements are shown in Tables 3 and 4.…”

Section: Experimental Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The antenna is one of the most important components in wireless communication systems, and is also one of the components that could most easily be a source of PIM [10][11][12][13]. The design of antennas is highly related to the structure, and therefore structural design and processing technology are the key to controlling the PIM levels of antennas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Method for Measuring the Maximum Measurable Gain of a Passive Intermodulation Chamber

Cai

Zhou

Liu³

et al. 2021

Electronics

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This paper presents an approximate method that allows the calculation of the maximum measurable gain (MMG) in an anechoic chamber. This method is realized by using a low passive intermodulation (PIM) medium-gain directional antenna. By reducing the distance between the antenna and the wall of the chamber to reduce path loss, the purpose of replacing a high-gain antenna with a medium-gain antenna is achieved. The specific relationship between distance and equivalent gain is given in this paper. The measurement interval is determined by the 3 dB beamwidth of the measurement antenna to scan the whole chamber. A set of corresponding data for the residual PIM level and the MMG of the chamber can be obtained by the method of measurement outlined herein. The feasibility of this method was verified by measurements in two PIM measurement chambers.

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“…PIM phenomenology has been studied for more than 40 years but still remains a nagging problem. The basic physical mechanisms of nonlinearities and PIM generation were explored in metal contacts [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29], printed RF transmission lines [30][31][32][33][34][35][36], cable assemblies [17,18,31,[37][38][39][40] and antennas [21,[41][42][43][44][45]. The main sources of passive nonlinearities include Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) junctions [22][23][24][26][27][28][29], electro-thermal processes [37,40,46,47], surface roughness [32,48,49] and contact mechanical deformations [49][50][51][52][53].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive Intermodulation at Contacts of Rough Conductors

Dayan

Huang

Schuchinsky

2022

Electronic Materials

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Passive intermodulation (PIM) is a niggling phenomenon that debilitates the performance of modern communications and navigation systems. PIM products interfere with information signals and cause their nonlinear distortion. The sources and basic mechanisms of PIM have been studied in the literature but PIM remains a serious problem of signal integrity. In this paper, the main sources and mechanisms of PIM generation by joints of good conductors are discussed. It is shown that the passive electrical, thermal and mechanical nonlinearities are intrinsically linked despite their distinctively different time scales. The roughness of the contact surfaces plays an important role in PIM generation by conductor joints. A review of the PIM phenomenology at the contacts of the good conductors suggests that novel multiphysics models are necessary for the analysis and reliable prediction of PIM products generated by several concurrent nonlinearities of a diverse physical nature.

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Prediction of Passive Intermodulation on Mesh Reflector Antenna Using Collaborative Simulation: Multiscale Equivalent Method and Nonlinear Model

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

Error Vector Magnitude, Intermodulation, and Radiation Characteristics of a Bandwidth- and Pattern-Reconfigurable Antenna

Error Vector Magnitude, Intermodulation, and Radiation Characteristics of a Bandwidth- and Pattern-Reconfigurable Antenna

A Method for Measuring the Maximum Measurable Gain of a Passive Intermodulation Chamber

Passive Intermodulation at Contacts of Rough Conductors

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