Prediction of femtosecond laser ablation profile on human teeth

Loganathan, Sarathkumar; Santhanakrishnan, Soundarapandian; Bathe, Ravi; Arunachalam, Muthukumaraswamy

doi:10.1007/s10103-018-2644-0

Cited by 25 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…From the knowledge of ablation parameters, the laser ablation profile can be generated. The ablation profile function (Equation (1)) of fs laser based on the spatial distribution of Gaussian profile follows parabolic nature within the well‐defined ablation region, which is given as 11

\frac{2 {(x_{i} - x_{0})}^{2}}{ω_{0}^{2}} + \frac{(z_{i} - z_{0})}{D_{italiceff}} = \ln ((), \frac{F_{p}}{F_{th}}),

where F p is the peak fluence (J/cm 2 ), F th is the threshold fluence (J/cm 2 ), ω 0 is the effective Gaussian bean radius (μm), D eff is the effective energy penetration depth (μm), ( x i , z i ) is locus point at which the evaporation occurs on dentin surface, ( x 0 , z 0 ) is generally considered as origin. From Equation (1), the ablation profile can be calculated for the given laser fluence ( F p ) once the values of the ablation parameters ( ω 0 , F th , and D eff ) are known.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, using ablation depth method (Equation (4)), the value of D eff is obtained from the slope of plot (Figure 2b) between ablation depth ( A d ) and natural logarithmic of peak fluence (ln F p ) 11

A_{d} = D_{eff} \ln ((), \frac{F_{p}}{F_{th}}) .

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the short pulse duration, most of the laser energy is fully utilized in the ablation process and taken away by the ablated particles; therefore, the collateral damage is reduced 2,8 . However, fs lasers also exhibit a wide range of phenomena (such as incubation effect, shielding effect, redepositing, and carbonization layer formation) at higher laser fluence 9‐14 . Thus, the laser must be operated at the optimal laser processing condition for effective control of the ablation process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even computational models are tractable only for homogeneous materials like metal, the difficulty in incorporating heterogeneity of the teeth make these models unreliable 5 . As an alternative, earlier, we have developed a mathematical model 11 to predict the fs laser ablation profile. Based on the spatial distribution of the laser beam (Gaussian profile), the laser ablation rate (AR) and laser ablation efficiency (AE) were determined using laser ablation parameters (effective Gaussian beam radius [ ω 0 ], effective energy penetration depth [ D eff ], and ablation threshold fluence [ F th ]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiochemical characteristics: A robust tool to overcome teeth heterogeneity on predicting laser ablation profile

et al. 2020

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To avoid excessive tissue removal and collateral damage, the high‐power density laser is apt for dental surgery also need to have high precision. For high‐precision dental surgery with minimal tissue damage, the present work frames a method to predict laser ablation profile based on surface morphology and chemical composition of dentin. The surface morphology and chemical composition were studied on different dentin samples using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X‐ray Analysis (EDAX), respectively. The key laser ablation parameters (ω0, Deff, and Fth) were determined by laser irradiation study using 800 nm, Ti:Sapphire femtosecond laser at processing condition of 100 fs, 10 kHz and 10 mm/s. The dentin samples show a strong linear correlation between physiochemical characteristics and laser ablation parameters. The surface morphology exhibits a negative linear correlation with threshold fluence, whereas the converse is true for chemical composition. The laser ablation parameters of a random dentin sample are derived from the knowledge of linearity data. From the obtained laser ablation parameters, the complete theoretical ablation profile is constructed and validated with experimental ablation profile. Even though the surface morphology of dentin shows high linearity, the concentration of Ca and P can be used as the most feasible probe in clinical settings. Furthermore, the laser ablation rate and ablation efficiency are predicted by the method to optimize the laser processing condition for any specific teeth. The versatility of the method overcomes the problem of heterogeneity on various teeth and simplifies the method of finding optimal laser processing condition for immaculate laser surgery.

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\frac{2 {(x_{i} - x_{0})}^{2}}{ω_{0}^{2}} + \frac{(z_{i} - z_{0})}{D_{italiceff}} = \ln ((), \frac{F_{p}}{F_{th}}),

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A_{d} = D_{eff} \ln ((), \frac{F_{p}}{F_{th}}) .

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiochemical characteristics: A robust tool to overcome teeth heterogeneity on predicting laser ablation profile

et al. 2020

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“…The experimentally obtained values of the squared ablation width (

A_{w}^{2}

) is plotted (Fig. a and b) against the natural logarithmic values of pulse energy (

E_{p}

) to evaluate the ablation threshold energy (

E_{th}

) and

ω_{0}

. From the linear curve fit (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Processing: An Elegant Way to Enhance the Femtosecond Laser Ablation Rate and Ablation Efficiency on Human Teeth

et al. 2019

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Background and Objectives The employability of the non‐invasive femtosecond laser ablation technique for dental treatment has been severely limited by its low ablation rate despite the advantage of minimal tissue damage. The study explores a means of improving the femtosecond laser ablation rate and efficiency by physiochemical surface modification. Materials and Methods Surface modification of dental hard tissues has been carried out by food graded orthophosphoric acid and Carie care gel pretreatment. The laser ablation characteristics were studied by using a Ti:Sapphire laser (10 kHz, 10 mm/s, 100 fs, 800 nm) to ascertain the influence of pretreatment. Surface morphology and chemical composition were obtained by using an optical profiler, SEM and EDAX. Results The ablation threshold fluence decreased by almost one‐third whereas the ablation rate and ablation efficiency nearly tripled upon pretreatment. The microstructural and compositional analysis clearly reveals that surface modification and demineralization reduce the threshold fluence and increase the ablation rate by effective utilization of the laser beam energy. The pretreatment effect is more pronounced in orthophosphoric acid as compared with Carie care gel. Conclusions Physiochemical surface modification can be an efficient method to improve the laser ablation rate and ablation efficiency. Compositional analysis can be an elegant tool for pre‐surgery determination of laser ablation characteristics. Clinical Significances Pretreatment surface modification can be an effective way to overcome the limitation of the femtosecond laser for tooth preparation in the clinical setting by strongly enhancing the ablation rate. An enhanced ablation rate along with de nova prediction of ablation characteristics will enable the clinician to perform dental surgery in real time with minimal tissue damage. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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In vitro effect of Er: YAG laser irradiation in caries cavity preparation on biobehaviors of adjacent human dental pulp cells in the pulp chamber

Wang,

Li,

Wang

et al. 2024

Journal of Biophotonics

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The erbium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er: YAG) laser has been successfully applied in caries removal; however, little is known about proper parameters of Er: YAG laser on different conditions of caries removal, especially the influence of Er: YAG irradiation on human dental pulp cells (hDPCs). Here, we tested the effects of Er: YAG laser at different output energy levels (100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mJ) on biobehaviors of hDPCs. To simulate clinical deep caries conditions, hDPCs were cultured on the pulpal side of 500‐μm‐thick dentin disks in an in vitro pulp chamber model. Temperature change, structural change, and ablation depth of dentin disk were also recorded. The findings suggested that the biological behaviors of hDPCs are strongly correlated with the energy output of the Er: YAG laser. Er: YAG laser irradiation at 100 mJ may be proper and safe for deep caries removal since it would not cause any adverse effect on hDPCs biobehaviors.

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Prediction of femtosecond laser ablation profile on human teeth

Cited by 25 publications

References 26 publications

Physiochemical characteristics: A robust tool to overcome teeth heterogeneity on predicting laser ablation profile

Physiochemical characteristics: A robust tool to overcome teeth heterogeneity on predicting laser ablation profile

Surface Processing: An Elegant Way to Enhance the Femtosecond Laser Ablation Rate and Ablation Efficiency on Human Teeth

In vitro effect of Er: YAG laser irradiation in caries cavity preparation on biobehaviors of adjacent human dental pulp cells in the pulp chamber

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