Physiochemical characteristics: A robust tool to overcome teeth heterogeneity on predicting laser ablation profile

Abstract

To avoid excessive tissue removal and collateral damage, the high‐power density laser is apt for dental surgery also need to have high precision. For high‐precision dental surgery with minimal tissue damage, the present work frames a method to predict laser ablation profile based on surface morphology and chemical composition of dentin. The surface morphology and chemical composition were studied on different dentin samples using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X‐ray Analysis (EDAX), respectively. The key laser ablation parameters (ω0, Deff, and Fth) were determined by laser irradiation study using 800 nm, Ti:Sapphire femtosecond laser at processing condition of 100 fs, 10 kHz and 10 mm/s. The dentin samples show a strong linear correlation between physiochemical characteristics and laser ablation parameters. The surface morphology exhibits a negative linear correlation with threshold fluence, whereas the converse is true for chemical composition. The laser ablation parameters of a random dentin sample are derived from the knowledge of linearity data. From the obtained laser ablation parameters, the complete theoretical ablation profile is constructed and validated with experimental ablation profile. Even though the surface morphology of dentin shows high linearity, the concentration of Ca and P can be used as the most feasible probe in clinical settings. Furthermore, the laser ablation rate and ablation efficiency are predicted by the method to optimize the laser processing condition for any specific teeth. The versatility of the method overcomes the problem of heterogeneity on various teeth and simplifies the method of finding optimal laser processing condition for immaculate laser surgery.

Precision Removal of Uneven Skin Tissue at Micrometre Levels by means of Focus-corrected Femtosecond-laser Ablation

“…Currently, fs-lasers have been widely used for precision machining and modi cation of various materials such as polymers 12 , glasses 13 , semiconductors 14 and metals 15 . In bio-medical eld, fs-lasers have been used in a variety of researches 16 , such as stomatology 17 , urology 18 , otolaryngology 19 and orthopedics 20 , which demonstrated minimal collateral damage of fs-laser to biological tissues, revealing its potential as a surgical tool. However, despite the reported utilization of femtosecond lasers in scenarios that do not demand meticulous control, such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) [21][22][23] , drug delivery enhancement 24 , and skin suturing assistance 25 , their application as a highly precise surgical tool in dermatology and plastic surgery remains unattained.…”