Prediction of Fatness by Standing 8‐Electrode Bioimpedance: A Multiethnic Adolescent Population

Abstract

The objective of this study was to validate an 8-electrode bioimpedance analysis (BIA 8 ) device (BC-418; Tanita, Tokyo, Japan) for use in populations of European, Maori, Pacific Island, and Asian adolescents. Healthy adolescents (215 M, 216 F; 129 Pacific Island, 120 Asian, 91 Maori, and 91 European; age range 12-19 years) were recruited by purposive sampling of high schools in Auckland, New Zealand. Weight, height, sitting height, leg length, waist circumference, and whole-body impedance were measured. Fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) derived from the BIA 8 manufacturer's equations were compared with measurements by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). DXA-measured FFM was used as the reference to develop prediction equations based on impedance. A double cross-validation technique was applied. BIA 8 underestimated FM by 2.06 kg (P < 0.0001) and percent body fat (%BF) by 2.84% (P < 0.0001), on average. However, BIA 8 tended to overestimate FM and %BF in lean and underestimate FM and %BF in fat individuals. Sex-specific equations developed showed acceptable accuracy on cross-validation. In the total sample, the best prediction equations were, for boys: FFM (kg) = 0.607 height (cm) 2 /impedance (Ω) + 1.542 age (y) + 0.220 height ( In conclusion, equations for fatness estimation using BIA 8 developed for our sample perform better than reliance on the manufacturer's estimates. The relationship between BIA and body composition in adolescents is ethnicity dependent.

Validation of bioelectrical impedance analysis for total body water assessment against the deuterium dilution technique in Asian children

“…Our cross-validation results indicated that the predicted values correlated with the measured values very highly and the pure error was low with no significant difference between predicted and measured values. Moreover, the limits of agreement assessed by Bland-Altman approach were very small and comparable to those from previous studies (Deurenberg et al, 1991;McClanahan et al, 2009;Sluyter et al, 2009). However, it must be noted that application of Bland-Altman analysis showed that there may be a potential systematic bias in applying the equation.…”

“…The inclusion of ethnicity into the equation improved the estimation of FFM and TBW in Thai children. Some previous studies have shown that ignoring the ethnicity effect would result in underestimation of FFM by 1.6 kg in black girls (Going et al, 2006), 1.8 kg in Maori and Pacific boys and 1.6 kg in Pacific girls (Sluyter et al, 2009) and 1.5 kg in South Asian girls and 1.3 kg in South Asian boys (Haroun et al, 2010). Several factors can explain the ethnic difference in the relationship between BIA impedance/resistance and TBW/FFM.…”

“…Further, some previous studies have assessed whether ethnicity contributes to the relationship between bioimpedance and body composition in adolescents (Going et al, 2006;Sluyter et al, 2009;Haroun et al, 2010) rather than in children. Therefore, the validity of BIA in a multi-ethnic sample of Asian children is unknown.…”

Diet quality is associated with measures of body fat in adolescents from Otago, New Zealand

“…The estimates of fat mass, percentage body fat and fat-free mass from the BIA machine used in the present study were highly correlated with measurements by DXA (r = 0·93, 0·92 and 0·96, respectively) in a multi-ethnic adolescent sample in New Zealand (48) . However, we are cautious that the machine tends to underestimate absolute fat mass and percentage body fat in fatter adolescents (48) ; therefore the body fatness of some participants in our study may be underestimated.…”

Salivary adiponectin concentration in healthy adult males in relation to anthropometric measures and fat distribution

“…Body weight, BMI, whole fat %, visceral fat level, and whole body subcutaneous fat were measured by Omron Karada Scan HBF-362 Bioelectrical impedance. Th is bioimpedance method of measuring fats has been proven to correlate well with body fat analyzed by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) (Fakhrawi et al 2009;Sluyter et al 2010) and even by CT (Lee et al 2015). Each subject was asked to stand barefooted and upright in the middle Brought to you by | MIT Libraries Authenticated Download Date | 5/12/18 1:35 AM of the sensor platform and hold the fat analyzer with his extended arms.…”