Salivary adiponectin concentration in healthy adult males in relation to anthropometric measures and fat distribution

Abstract

Objectives. Body fat content, fat distribution, and adiponectin level are important variables in the development of obesity related complications. Anthropometric indices may provide an economic and faster method in measuring the risk for complications through their predictive eff ect of fat distribution and adiponectin concentration. We aimed to determine, which of the waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and body mass index (BMI) may be the best predictor for the total fat percentage (WF), visceral fat level (VF), and subcutaneous whole-body fat (SCWBF). We aimed also to investigate the potential use of the anthropometric measures and fat distribution as predictors for the salivary adiponectin level in the healthy adult males.Subjects. A total of 88 adult males aged between 18−25 years with a wide range of BMI were studied. Anthropometric indices were measured using standardized methods and salivary adiponectin level was assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results. In path analysis of the Structural Equation Model (SEM) using IBM@SPSS AMOS, version22, BMI and WC, but not WHR, were strong predictors for WF and SCWBF (p<0.05). BMI but not WC was a strong predictor for VF (p<0.001). WF was strong predictor for SCWBF (p<0.001), but not for VF. BMI, WC, WHR, WF, VF, and SCWBF were poor predictors of the salivary adiponectin level.Conclusion. BMI is the best predictor for the total body fat and fat distribution. However, WHR seems to be of a little value and the salivary adiponectin level independent of BMI and body fat in healthy adult Malay males.

Association between obesity and adipokines levels in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…For the nineteen studies with unavailable data, personal contact with the researchers was made. Eleven researchers answered, but only nine provided data . According to the meta‐analysis, there was no difference in resistin, adiponectin, leptin, ghrelin, and IL‐6 levels in the saliva of individuals with and without obesity (Figure A–D and Figure A).…”

“…Ten articles included only children and adolescents, 21,23,34,35,43,44,51,53,54,56 whereas 21 included only adults. 22,[24][25][26]33,36,37,[39][40][41][42]45,[47][48][49][50]55,[57][58][59]61 Three articles included children, adolescents, and adults. 38,46,52 Among the 34 included articles, 18 different adipokines were analyzed.…”

“…Evaluation of adipokines in saliva was carried out in 17 articles. 21,33,34,[36][37][38]41,[45][46][47][48]51,55,[57][58][59]61 Analysis of GCF was performed in 15 articles. [22][23][24]26,35,39,40,[42][43][44]49,50,[52][53][54] Two studies 25,56 evaluated adipokines in both saliva and GCF.…”

“…In 10 studies, 33,41,44,[46][47][48]51,52,54,58 the eligibility criteria were not described and in two articles 33,52 the information was unclear, as only the exclusion criteria were provided. Fifteen studies [21][22][23][24]26,39,40,42,44,49,50,54,56,57,59 clearly described the sample, addressing the following aspects: demographic data, study setting, and the recruitment period.…”

“…Fifteen studies [21][22][23][24]26,39,40,42,44,49,50,54,56,57,59 clearly described the sample, addressing the following aspects: demographic data, study setting, and the recruitment period. In 14 studies 25,38,41,43,[46][47][48][51][52][53][54][55]58,61 information on at least two of these characteristics was missing. No article provided information whether the exposure was measured in a valid and reliable way, as the studies did not provide information on the calibration process, intra or inter examiner agreement, or kappa values.…”