Prediction of Cylinder Wall Velocity Profiles for ANFO Explosives Combining Thermochemical Calculation, Gurney Model, and Hydro‐Code

Sućeska, Muhamed; Serene, Chan Hay Yee; Zhang, Qingling; Dobrilović, Mario; Štimac, Barbara

doi:10.1002/prep.202000215

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The theoretically based equation of state (EoS) molecular fluid EXP-6 [18] was selected instead of Becker -Kistiakowski -Wilson (BKW) EoS to give better predictions of detonation velocity and pressure at densities below 1.2 g/cm 3 . We also used the Explo5 built-in algorithm [19][20][21] with 2250 K freezing temperature to estimate the Jones-Wilkins-Lee (JWL) coefficients and feed our hydrocode simulation (section 2.3).…”

Section: Theoretical Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small‐Scale Detonation of Industrial Urea‐Hydrogen Peroxide (UHP)

Halleux

Pons

Wilson

et al. 2021

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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The adduct of Urea and Hydrogen Peroxide (UHP), also called Carbamide Peroxide, is industrially produced as a solid source of hydrogen peroxide for bleaching, disinfection, and oxidation reactions. As a chemical combination of fuel and oxidiser, UHP has explosive potential but it is unclear whether it could sustain a detonation at small scale. In the configuration we tested, we succeeded in recording self‐sustained detonation at relatively small scale under heavy confinement, measuring a maximum experimental velocity of detonation of 3860 m/s at an optimum 1.1 g/cm3 loading density. UHP can sustain a detonation, even at the 100 g scale, but this is strongly dependant on booster size, confinement material, loading density, charge length and diameter. According to our performance assessment, pure UHP exhibits the behaviour of a non‐ideal tertiary explosive. Maximum calculated detonation pressures are below 10 GPa, the order of magnitude for commercial blasting explosives. Small‐scale results are consistent with literature values from large‐scale experiments, although literature on the matter is quite limited. The proposed experimental method can be used to quantify the detonability and performance of other industrial materials that may have energetic properties, or small samples of homemade explosive compositions, avoiding time‐consuming, expensive and potentially hazardous large‐scale experiments.

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Section: Theoretical Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small‐Scale Detonation of Industrial Urea‐Hydrogen Peroxide (UHP)

Halleux

Pons

Wilson

et al. 2021

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We initially used the theoretically based equation of state (EoS) molecular fluid EXP-6 [20], which predicted lower detonation pressures and enabled the determination of the Jones-Wilkins-Lee (JWL) coefficients required for the numerical modelling in Ansys Autodyn [5][6]. However, for comparison purposes, we also performed the calculations with the Modified Becker-Kistiakowski-Wilson (M-BKW) EoS, as this equation of state provides greater accuracy for explosives with a low detonation temperature and a high dipolar molecules content in the detonation products [21]. UHP ideal detonation parameters, such as detonation velocity, pressure and polytropic exponent, were compared to experimental data.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urea‐Hydrogen Peroxide (UHP): Comparative study on the experimental detonation pressure of a non‐ideal explosive

Halleux,

Pons,

Wilson

et al. 2023

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Carbamide Peroxide, an adduct of Urea and Hydrogen Peroxide (UHP) industrially used as a solid source of hydrogen peroxide, exhibits the behaviour of a tertiary explosive but a detailed performance characterisation is still lacking in the literature. In this work, we calculated a 20 % experimental TNT equivalence for brisance, i. e. the shattering effect from the shock wave transmitted from the detonating high explosive into adjacent materials, by experimental indirect measurement of UHP detonation pressure. We determined a 3.5 GPa detonation pressure for 5 kg unconfined UHP charges (0.87 g/cm3, 120 mm charge diameter) by measuring the attenuated shock wave velocity (ASV) in adjacent inert materials using passive optical probes. Particle velocity measurements at the interface of a PMMA impedance window carried out with Photonic Doppler Velocimetry on scaled‐down charges of 90 g UHP under heavy confinement (0.85 g/cm3, 30 mm charge diameter, 4 mm thick steel) are consistent with ASV results in the PMMA acceptors but further investigations are required to determine the detonation pressure, using a small‐scale experimental setup. The ASV method has proven reliable to assess the brisance of a non‐ideal explosive for risk assessment purposes.

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