Prediction of All-Cause Mortality by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Optimism-Pessimism Scale Scores: Study of a College Sample During a 40-Year Follow-up Period

Brummett, Beverly H.; Helms, Michael J.; Dahlstrom, W. Grant; Siegler, Ilene C.

doi:10.4065/81.12.1541

Cited by 109 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In a Japanese study on elderly people, health behavior and social role were risk factors for all-cause mortality along with age, low serum albumin, high blood pressure and ECG abnormalities, among a total of 30 personal characteristics [4]. Other studies considered single or very specific risk factors for all-cause mortality such as the limited influence of soil-cadmium levels [2], the null influence of radar equipment [6], the direct role of respiratory symptoms [7], alcohol abuse [3], left bundle branch block [8], post-load plasma glucose [9], high basal metabolic rates [11], high body mass index [5,13], pessimistic side of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory OptimismPessimism Scale scores [10], and high physical work demand [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determinants of 40-year all-cause mortality in the European cohorts of the Seven Countries Study

et al. 2011

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If a few risk factors had predictive power for all-cause mortality in different geographical-cultural areas, then preventive efforts might be concentrated on these. Thirteen potential risk factors were measured in 6,554 men aged 40-59 around 1960 in Northern, Southern and Eastern European areas of the Seven Countries Study. In 40 years 85.3% of men died in the pooled areas (87.9, 81.8 and 87.9% in Northern, Southern and Eastern Europe, respectively). Six risk factors were significant predictors of events in all three areas: directly for age, smoking habits, mean blood pressure, heart rate and ECG abnormalities; inversely for forced expiratory volume. In a pooled model also father and mother life status, socio-economic status, and arm circumference (the last one in an inverse way) had significant coefficients that were not heterogeneous across areas (except for socio-economic status). Serum cholesterol was around significance. ROC curves had values of 0.833, 0.806 and 0.819 respectively in Northern, Southern and Eastern Europe, and 0.827 in the pooled areas. Correlation coefficients between observed and expected cases in deciles of estimated risk were between 0.98 and 0.99. Survivors after 40 years in the lower half of the estimated risk were 10.7, 23.6 and 13.3% in Northern, Southern and Eastern Europe, respectively. Under- or over-estimate of cross-applying risk functions did not exceed 15%. All-cause mortality and survival in middle aged men during 40 years were strongly associated with a few, mainly cardiovascular, risk factors, whose predictive power was similar in different cultures across Europe.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beyond the interest for cardiovascular diseases, this long observation prompted interest in allcause mortality and its determinants. A few studies have reported long-term analyses on all-cause deaths but rarely reaching 40-year of follow-up [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of 40-year all-cause mortality in the European cohorts of the Seven Countries Study

et al. 2011

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“…Although most studies report positive effects, the size and even the direction of these associations is inconsistent (e.g., Aspinwall & Tedeschi, 2010;Diener & Chan, 2011;Hankonen et al, 2010;Rasmussen et al, 2009;Terrill et al, 2010). For instance, optimism was found to positively relate to longevity in some studies (e.g., Brummett et al, 2006;Giltay et al, 2006), whereas other studies found no relation (e.g., Lee et al, 2003;Schofield et al, 2004) and some even report detrimental effects of optimism (e.g., Friedman et al, 1993). For the relation between physical functioning and optimism, a recent meta-analysis found effect sizes to range from -.13 to .42, (Rasmussen et al, 2009).…”

Section: Optimism and Healthmentioning

confidence: 89%

Health-specific optimism mediates between objective and perceived physical functioning in older adults

et al. 2011

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Particularly in older adults, self-reports of physical health need not necessarily reflect their objective health status as they can be biased by optimism. In this study, we examine whether the effect of objective physical functioning on subjective physical functioning is modified by health-specific optimism and self-efficacy. A longitudinal study with three measurement points over 6 months and 309 older adults (aged 65-85) with multimorbidity was conducted. Subjective physical functioning was regressed on objective physical functioning, health-specific optimism and self-efficacy. Subjective physical functioning was predicted by both objective physical functioning and optimism as a mediator. Moreover, an interaction between optimism and self-efficacy was found: Optimism predicted subjective physical functioning only for individuals with low self-efficacy. Subjective physical functioning is as much based on objective physical functioning as it is on health-specific optimism. Older adults base their subjective physical functioning on objective indicators but also on optimism, when they are less self-efficacious.

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“…The famous Okinawan centenarian, Kamada Nakazato, reported that the keys to her long life were to "eat your vegetables, have a positive attitude, be kind to people, and smile" (Buettner, 2010). Quality and duration of sleep have been shown to affect health and reduce mortality (Dew et al, 2003;Kripke, Simons, Garfinkel, & Hammond, 1979) and an optimistic mental state has also been found to be positively related to longevity probably because it assists in relaxation which can reduce multiple mortality factors (Brummett, Helms, Dahlstrom, & Siegler, 2006;Diener & Chan, 2011;Giltay, Geleijnse, Zitman, Hoekstra, & Schouten, 2004). Laughter, is also positively associated with health, through possibly decreasing the risk of heart attack, lowering blood pressure (Hasan & Hasan, 2009;University of Maryland Medical Center, 2005), or minimizing the negative effects of stress by reducing the breakdown of nitric oxide (leading to vasodilatation) and increasing the number of natural disease-fighting killer cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional aging and longevity characteristics in China

Wang

et al. 2016

Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics

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The factors that influence the length of human life are complex and longevity remains a controversial topic, particularly in China. This paper demonstrates the spatial patterns and changes of the elderly group (65 years old and over), the oldest old (80 years old and over) and the centenarians in China in the last decade, analyzes the influence of economic development on aging, and in the end, using a case study, explores the characteristics of the centenarians' behavior. The results indicate that high elderly and the oldest old proportions are more common in regions with higher socio-economic development and that have a favorable climate. Centenarian distribution pattern is less influenced by economic but only for few regions. Lifestyle factors, such as sufficient sleep, positive mental state and a light diet are also largely found among the centenarian group.

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Prediction of All-Cause Mortality by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Optimism-Pessimism Scale Scores: Study of a College Sample During a 40-Year Follow-up Period

Cited by 109 publications

References 11 publications

Determinants of 40-year all-cause mortality in the European cohorts of the Seven Countries Study

Determinants of 40-year all-cause mortality in the European cohorts of the Seven Countries Study

Health-specific optimism mediates between objective and perceived physical functioning in older adults

Regional aging and longevity characteristics in China

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