“…Several studies have investigated issues such as the impacts of the pandemic on Malaysian tourism ( Karim, Haque, Anis, & Ulfy, 2020 ), clinical analysis ( Sim et al, 2020 ), mathematical models ( Alsayed, Sadir, Kamil, & Sari, 2020 ; Mohd & Sulayman, 2020 ; Salim et al, 2020 ; Yusoff & Izhan, 2020 ), and the society preparedness ( Azlan, Hamzah, Sern, Ayub, & Mohamad, 2020 ; Shah et al, 2020 ). For Indonesian cases, there are limited studies (e.g., Djalante et al, 2020 ; Husein, Hutabarat, Sitorus, Giawa, & Harahap, 2020 ) and only one study ( Husein et al, 2020 ) discussed the epidemic model. That study ( Husein et al, 2020 ) also did not analyse the impacts of lockdowns and social behavior in the COVID-19 transmission.…”