Predicting the effects of tropospheric ozone on regional productivity of ponderosa pine and white fir

Weinstein, David A.; Laurence, J.A.; Retzlaff, William; Kern, Jerome; Lee, E.H.; Hogsett, William E.; Weber, J.A.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2004.10.007

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Modelling ecosystem response is limited to mono‐specific plantations or assigning average responses to a mix of species in the same physiognomic plant class (Weinstein et al . ).…”

Section: Measurements Of Ozone‐induced Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone effects on plants in natural ecosystems

2019

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Tropospheric ozone (O 3 ) is an important stressor in natural ecosystems, with welldocumented impacts on soils, biota and ecological processes. The effects of O 3 on individual plants and processes scale up through the ecosystem through effects on carbon, nutrient and hydrologic dynamics. Ozone effects on individual species and their associated microflora and fauna cascade through the ecosystem to the landscape level. Systematic injury surveys demonstrate that foliar injury occurs on sensitive species throughout the globe. However, deleterious impacts on plant carbon, water and nutrient balance can also occur without visible injury. Because sensitivity to O 3 may follow coarse physiognomic plant classes (in general, herbaceous crops are more sensitive than deciduous woody plants, grasses and conifers), the task still remains to use stomatal O 3 uptake to assess class and species' sensitivity. Investigations of the radial growth of mature trees, in combination with data from many controlled studies with seedlings, suggest that ambient O 3 reduces growth of mature trees in some locations. Models based on tree physiology and forest stand dynamics suggest that modest effects of O 3 on growth may accumulate over time, other stresses (prolonged drought, excess nitrogen deposition) may exacerbate the direct effects of O 3 on tree growth, and competitive interactions among species may be altered. Ozone exposure over decades may be altering the species composition of forests currently, and as fossil fuel combustion products generate more O 3 than deteriorates in the atmosphere, into the future as well.

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“…Modelling ecosystem response is limited to mono‐specific plantations or assigning average responses to a mix of species in the same physiognomic plant class (Weinstein et al . ).…”

Section: Measurements Of Ozone‐induced Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone effects on plants in natural ecosystems

2019

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“…Change in Pinus taeda basal area ranged from þ44% to À87% depending on O 3 exposure and precipitation, whereas basal area of Liriodendron tulipifera (generally considered O 3 sensitive) was not affected. Weinstein et al (2005) used the same models to simulate growth of Pinus ponderosa and Abies concolor under increased O 3 exposures in the western San Bernardino and Sierra Nevada mountains. They predicted negative effects on P. ponderosa but little response in A. concolor due to differential sensitivities to O 3 , influences of competition, and soil moisture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New exposure-based metric approach for evaluating O3 risk to North American aspen forests

Percy

Nosal

Heilman³

et al. 2007

Environmental Pollution

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A new exposure-based metric approach to predict O 3 risk to North American aspen forests has been developed. AbstractThe United States and Canada currently use exposure-based metrics to protect vegetation from O 3 . Using 5 years (1999e2003) of comeasured O 3 , meteorology and growth response, we have developed exposure-based regression models that predict Populus tremuloides growth change within the North American ambient air quality context. The models comprised growing season fourth-highest daily maximum 8-h average O 3 concentration, growing degree days, and wind speed. They had high statistical significance, high goodness of fit, include 95% confidence intervals for tree growth change, and are simple to use. Averaged across a wide range of clonal sensitivity, historical 2001e2003 growth change over most of the 26 M ha P. tremuloides distribution was estimated to have ranged from no impact (0%) to strong negative impacts (e31%). With four aspen clones responding negatively (one responded positively) to O 3 , the growing season fourth-highest daily maximum 8-h average O 3 concentration performed much better than growing season SUM06, AOT40 or maximum 1 h average O 3 concentration metrics as a single indicator of aspen stem cross-sectional area growth.

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An Approach for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Various Ozone Air Quality Standards for Protecting Trees

Hogsett

Tingey

Lee

et al. 2007

Environmental Management

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We demonstrate an approach for evaluating the level of protection attained using a variety of forms and levels of past, current, and proposed Air Quality Standards (AQSs). The U.S. Clean Air Act requires the establishment of ambient air quality standards to protect health and public welfare. However, determination of attainment of these standards is based on ambient pollutant concentrations rather than prevention of adverse effects. To determine if a given AQS protected against adverse effects on vegetation, hourly ozone concentrations were adjusted to create exposure levels that "just attain" a given standard. These exposures were used in combination with a physiologically-based tree growth model to account for the interactions of climate and ozone. In the evaluation, we used ozone concentrations from two 6-year time periods from the San Bernardino Mountains in California. There were clear differences in the level of vegetation protection achieved with the various AQSs. Based on modeled plant growth, the most effective standards were the California 8-hr average maximum of 70 ppb and a seasonal, cumulative, concentration-weighted index (SUM06), which if attained, resulted in annual growth reductions of 1% or less. Least effective was the 1-hr maximum of 120 ppb which resulted in a 7% annual reduction. We conclude that combining climate, exposure scenarios, and a process-based plant growth simulator was a useful approach for evaluating effectiveness of current or proposed air quality standards, or evaluating the form and/or level of a standard based on preventing adverse growth effects.

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Predicting the effects of tropospheric ozone on regional productivity of ponderosa pine and white fir

Cited by 12 publications

References 50 publications

Ozone effects on plants in natural ecosystems

Ozone effects on plants in natural ecosystems

New exposure-based metric approach for evaluating O3 risk to North American aspen forests

An Approach for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Various Ozone Air Quality Standards for Protecting Trees

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