Predicting the Chemical Protection Factor of CBRN Protective Garments

Ambesi, D.; Bouma, R.H.B.; Hartog, E.A. den; Kleijn, Chris R.

doi:10.1080/15459624.2013.769842

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Today chemical weapons are still a real threat to both military and civilian personnel. The development of chemical protective clothing’s over the decades has resulted in a multilayered fabric with a protective layer typically comprised of activated carbon, which captures the chemical warfare agent (CWA) preventing it from penetrating the clothing. − Unfortunately, the current garments have several disadvantages. The clothing has a high thermal burden with both a low moisture vapor transport rate (MVTR) and poor air permeability .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Protective Textiles of UiO-66-Integrated PVDF Composite Fibers with Rapid Heterogeneous Decontamination of Toxic Organophosphates

Dwyer

Dugan

Hoffman

et al. 2018

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a new and growing area of materials with high porosity and customizability. UiO-66, a zirconium-based MOF, has shown much interest to the military because of the ability of the MOF to catalytically decontaminate chemical warfare agents (CWAs). Unfortunately, the applications for MOFs are limited because of their powder form, which is difficult to incorporate into protective clothing. As a result, a new area of research has developed to functionalize fabrics with MOFs to make a wearable multifunctional fabric that retains the desired properties of the MOF. In this work, UiO-66 was incorporated into poly(vinylidene) fluoride/Ti(OH) composite fabric using electrospinning and evaluated for its use in chemical protective clothing. The base triethanolamine (TEA) was added to the composite fabric to create a self-buffering system that would allow for catalytic decontamination of CWAs without the need for a buffer solution. The fabrics were tested against the simulants methyl-paraoxon (dimethyl (4-nitrophenyl) phosphate, DMNP), diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP), and the nerve agent soman (GD). The results show that all of the samples have high moisture vapor transport and filtration efficiency, which are desirable for protective clothing. The incorporation of TEA decreased air permeation of the fabric, but increased the catalytic activity of the composite fabric against DMNP and DFP. Samples with and without TEA have rapid half-lives ( t) as short as 35 min against GD agent. These new catalytically active self-buffering multifunctional fabrics have great potential for application in chemical protective clothings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Protective Textiles of UiO-66-Integrated PVDF Composite Fibers with Rapid Heterogeneous Decontamination of Toxic Organophosphates

Dwyer

Dugan

Hoffman

et al. 2018

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…(2) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been used in the past as a method of predicting the performance of CBRN protective equipment. (3) It has also been previously used to optimise filters for a number of industrial applications, and has shown good results when used to predict performance in pleated filters similar to those used at the inlet of a PAPR canister (4,5) . Threedimensional (3D) CFD simulations have been used to analyse the flow features in CBRN filter canisters in a past study (6) , in which a large range of flow rates were considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of canister geometry on chemical biological radiological and nuclear filter performance: A computational fluid dynamics analysis

Wood

Chakraborty

Smith

et al. 2019

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

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Steady-state axisymmetric simulations using the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations have been carried out in order to optimise the performance of a Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) canister filter for its use in a powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR). Alterations have been made to the shape of the canister, the spacing of the rear wall of the canister with regard to the carbon filter, and the bracketing between (i) the particulate filter and the carbon bed and (ii) the carbon bed and the canister wall. The pressure drop across the canister and the residence time distribution at the rear of the carbon bed have been analysed in detail based on an extensive parametric analysis involving the aforementioned variations. It has been demonstrated that the non-uniform porosity profile of the carbon bed resulted in alternating regions of high and low velocity close to the canister wall, providing a possible route for breakthrough. Designs, which included a bracket at the rear of the carbon bed, blocked this route and consequently had a longer minimum mean residence time than those, which did not. It has also been shown that the spacing between the carbon bed and the canister rear wall had a large impact on both residence time and pressure drop. In cases where the carbon backed directly onto the canister rear wall flow in the axial direction from the outside wall towards the canister axis resulted in far greater pressure drop and a reduction in minimum mean residence time within the carbon bed.

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“…Recently, in modelling intelligent garment , sports textile (Chowdhury et al 2010) and protective clothing Jiang et al 2010;Talukdar et al 2010;Ambesi et al 2013;Zhu and Zhou 2013;Ambesi et al 2014;Elgafy and Mishra 2014) CFD is adopted and the interaction of liquids and gases with surfaces defined by boundary conditions was simulated (Noca et al 1999;Tanabe et al 2002;Defraeye et al 2011;Cimilli et al 2012). Lim et al (2009) figured out the impact of the different slit positions on the air exchange and circulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of airflow and microclimate for the running wear jacket with slits using CFD simulation

Lim

Choi

Roh

et al. 2015

Fashion and Textiles

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This study was performed to estimate the exchange of air (ventilation) and temperature distribution in the cylinder that simulated human body. Simulation simplified the human body wearing the running wear jacket with slits. Slits were positioned at the shoulder, mid-back and lower-back. For the running wear jacket, non-air permeable material was assumed to eliminate the effect of porosity of the fabrics. Airflow and microclimate temperature were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The results showed that the air tended to rise and drift towards the slits. Air flown out through the slits was in the order of the lower-back slit > mid-back slit > shoulder slit. Discrepancy in the air flow rate at each slit was caused by the generation of ascending air currents according to slit positions. The direction of the air current depended on the microclimate temperature inside the jacket. These results indicate that the lower-back slit gives better air exchange effect which was in agreement with the clothing microclimate observed by human wear tests.

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Predicting the Chemical Protection Factor of CBRN Protective Garments

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Chemical Protective Textiles of UiO-66-Integrated PVDF Composite Fibers with Rapid Heterogeneous Decontamination of Toxic Organophosphates

Chemical Protective Textiles of UiO-66-Integrated PVDF Composite Fibers with Rapid Heterogeneous Decontamination of Toxic Organophosphates

The impact of canister geometry on chemical biological radiological and nuclear filter performance: A computational fluid dynamics analysis

Assessment of airflow and microclimate for the running wear jacket with slits using CFD simulation

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