Predicting the abundance of clays and quartz in oil sands using hyperspectral measurements

Entezari, Iman; Rivard, Benoît; Geramian, Mirjavad; Lipsett, Michael G.

doi:10.1016/j.jag.2017.02.018

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…High amounts of quartz were observed in ES (99 wt%) and MS (93 wt%) in the bulk samples (Figure ). On the other hand, high amounts of clay minerals were identified in EC (32.4 wt%) and MC (29.5 wt%) in the bulk samples . The highest amount of carbonate minerals was observed in the clay samples, especially in the MC fractions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Characterization of four petrologic end members from Alberta oil sands and comparison between different mines and sampling times

et al. 2017

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The current research was performed on four petrologic end members samples from Syncrude's North Mine collected in 2012 (NM12), i.e. marine clay (MC), marine sand (MS), estuarine clay (EC), and estuarine sand (ES). The mineralogical compositions of the four petrological end members were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), quantitative XRD (QXRD), elemental analysis, and particle size distribution (PSD) measurements.Bulk samples from the four petrologic end members, after bitumen removal, were mainly composed of clay minerals (kaolinite, illite, chlorite, and mixed-layer expandable clays) and non-clay minerals such as quartz, carbonates, feldspars, and traces of TiO 2 minerals, gypsum, and pyrite. Bulk samples of the clay end members were composed of significantly higher amounts of clay minerals and lower amounts of quartz compared with the bulk samples of the sand end members. XRD analysis of oriented preparations (air dried-54 % RH and ethylene glycolated) of the < 0.2 mm fractions of the four end members showed that interstratified illite-smectite of high ($30 %) and low ($10 %) expandability were observed only in clay-rich end members, i.e. NM12-EC and MC, respectively. Kaolinite-smectite was only found in the < 0.2 mm fraction of the NM12-MC with an expandability between 5 and 10 %. Interstratification of illite-smectite was observed in the < 0.2 mm fraction of NM09-MC and EC samples but the expandability was only 10 % for both fractions. However, kaolinite-smectite was not found in the same fraction for NM09-MC and EC. ES and EC had the highest and lowest bitumen contents, respectively, for the NM12, NM09, and AM10 samples.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Characterization of four petrologic end members from Alberta oil sands and comparison between different mines and sampling times

et al. 2017

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“…The reflection dip at 1120 cm À1 is a feature associated to clays. 1 A reflection dip around 1160 cm À1 and a strong peak at 1220 cm À1 , attributed to the Si-O bands for quartz, 15 are also seen in the spectra. The peaks located at 1554 cm À1 , 1650 cm À1 , 1750 cm À1 , and 1834 cm À1 are observed in quartz samples with particles of size in the tens of microns range, 16 indicating the particulate nature of the sample.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Reflectance optical spectroscopy and hyperspectral measurements have been performed to investigate the mineral abundance in oil sands. 1 Combined QXRD and X-ray fluorescence have been used to determine both crystalline and non-crystalline phases in oil sands minerals. Other techniques such as energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 2 and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy have been used to study the elemental composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mid-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy of Oil Sands Minerals Based on Tunable Quantum Cascade Lasers

et al. 2020

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Minerals play an important role in the oil sands extraction efficiency. It is thus important to assess the major mineral abundance in oil sands ores. This paper presents the application of tunable quantum cascade lasers for mid-infrared reflectance spectroscopy on oil sands minerals. The investigations and results show a new tool to determine oil sands mineral type and to determine potentially quartz and clay contents.

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“…The reflectance curve contains physical and chemical properties of the material since chemical bonds absorb light at specific wavelengths [21]. Ground-based hyperspectral imaging has been widely used in geologic characterizations [15,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28], in which variations of the sub-centimeter or sub-millimeter scale can be resolved. This study used hyperspectral imaging to identify mineralogy as well as to extract relative abundances of the minerals.…”

Section: Hyperspectral Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Hyperspectral and Geochemical Study of Sediment-Hosted Disseminated Gold at the Goldstrike District, Utah

Sun

Khan

Shabestari³

2019

Remote Sensing

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The Goldstrike district in southwest Utah is similar to Carlin-type gold deposits in Nevada that are characterized by sediment-hosted disseminated gold. Suitable structural and stratigraphic conditions facilitated precipitation of gold in arsenian pyrite grains from ascending gold-bearing fluids. This study used ground-based hyperspectral imaging to study a core drilled in the Goldstrike district covering the basal Claron Formation and Callville Limestone. Spectral modeling of absorptions at 2340, 2200, and 500 nm allowed the extraction of calcite, clay minerals, and ferric iron abundances and identification of lithology. This study integrated remote sensing and geochemistry data and identified an optimum stratigraphic combination of limestone above and siliciclastic rocks below in the basal Claron Formation, as well as decarbonatization, argillization, and pyrite oxidation in the Callville Limestone, that are related with gold mineralization. This study shows an example of utilizing ground-based hyperspectral imaging in geological characterization, which can be broadly applied in the determination of mining interests and classification of ore grades. The utilization of this new terrestrial remote sensing technique has great potentials in resource exploration and exploitation.

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Predicting the abundance of clays and quartz in oil sands using hyperspectral measurements

Cited by 15 publications

References 25 publications

Characterization of four petrologic end members from Alberta oil sands and comparison between different mines and sampling times

Characterization of four petrologic end members from Alberta oil sands and comparison between different mines and sampling times

Mid-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy of Oil Sands Minerals Based on Tunable Quantum Cascade Lasers

Integrated Hyperspectral and Geochemical Study of Sediment-Hosted Disseminated Gold at the Goldstrike District, Utah

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