Characterization of four petrologic end members from Alberta oil sands and comparison between different mines and sampling times

Geramian, Mirjavad; Ivey, Douglas G.; Liu, Qingxia; Etsell, Thomas H.

doi:10.1002/cjce.23034

Cited by 7 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…In addition, to judge the relative abundance of mineral compositions in the original end members and SFS, the results of mineral composition of SFS reported in Table for each end member compared with the original samples (bulk and different size fractions) of the same petrological end members (NM12 data from Geramian et al) are plotted in ternary diagrams (Figure ). The comparison indicated a correlation among the mineral composition of SFS and the original samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be speculated that a very clean supernatant collected from EC samples is related to bitumen, clay minerals, TOC, and water contents. In the previous study by Geramian et al, the bulk samples of the same petrologic end members were characterized . The authors reported that bulk sample of EC consisted of the lowest amount of bitumen (< 0.1 wt%), the highest clay minerals content (32.4 wt%, swelling and non‐swelling clays), the lowest TOC content (0.06 wt%) and the second highest water content (7.1 wt%) compared with other end members.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The goal of the present study is to characterize the suspended fine solids (SFS) in bitumen products in order to better understand the most important species affecting non‐aqueous bitumen extraction and bitumen quality. The results from the current study are compared with those published in our recent work, which provided information about the detailed characteristics of the four petrologic end members from Alberta oil sands …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the role of various minerals in the oil sands in water‐based extraction has been identified, there is insufficient information about the surface properties of various minerals, especially nano and microsize minerals (NMM), during non‐aqueous bitumen extraction and post‐extraction solvent recovery. As previous studies have identified, the most important factor affecting bitumen extraction processes (either aqueous or non‐aqueous) is oil sands composition . Therefore, it is crucial to understand the influence of water, bitumen, and solids, particularly nano and microsize species, on the extraction process .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As previous studies have identified, the most important factor affecting bitumen extraction processes (either aqueous or nonaqueous) is oil sands composition. [2,9,10] Therefore, it is crucial to understand the influence of water, bitumen, and solids, particularly nano and microsize species, on the extraction process. [6] Certain NMM, mainly clay minerals, in the oil sands may affect the processability of the ore during non-aqueous extraction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Oil Sands Composition on Bitumen Quality During Non‐Aqueous Bitumen Extraction from the Athabasca Deposit

et al. 2018

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The aim of the present work is to identify the most important species affecting a non‐aqueous bitumen extraction process and bitumen quality. This investigation was carried out on four petrologic end member samples from Syncrude's North Mine collected in 2012 (NM12), i.e., marine claystone (MC), marine sand (MS), estuarine claystone (EC), and estuarine sand (ES). Each end member was separately mixed with cyclohexane at a ratio of 40:60 (cyclohexane:end member), and the bitumen‐cyclohexane solutions were collected at different settling times (1–30 min). These solutions were analyzed to determine the amount, particle size distribution, and mineralogical composition of suspended fine solids (SFS), water content, as well as the bitumen content using a focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) particle size analyzer, Karl Fischer (KF) titration, x‐ray diffraction (XRD), quantitative XRD (QXRD), and elemental analysis. The SFS was composed of mainly illite and kaolinite after cyclohexane extraction from MC, MS, EC, and ES. Although mixed layer expandable clay minerals (i.e., illite‐smectite and kaolinite‐smectite) were identified in the original clay, end members (EC and MC), illite‐smectite, and kaolinite‐smectite were not observed in the SFS of the bitumen‐cyclohexane solutions obtained from the four petrologic end members. The SFS content and bitumen quality of the bitumen product were affected slightly but significantly by the end member composition and settling time, respectively. Illite and kaolinite were identified as the main minerals in the SFS of the bitumen products after relatively long settling times.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Oil Sands Composition on Bitumen Quality During Non‐Aqueous Bitumen Extraction from the Athabasca Deposit

et al. 2018

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2017

Can J Chem Eng

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ES and EC contained the highest and lowest amounts of bitumen, respectively, for all three samples (NM12, NM09, and AM10). The highest relative amount of 2:1 clay minerals was found in the fi nest size fractions (< 0.2 µm). The expandability of illitesmectite was 30 ± 4 % and 10 ± 3 % for MC and EC of NM12, respectively. Kaolinitesmectite was only observed in MC from NM12 and the expandability was between 5-10 %. Kerogen and/or asphatene were identifi ed in all fi ne (< 45 µm) fractions of end members based on the N/C ratio (> 0.019). Constraint Data-Driven Optimal Terminal ILC of End Product Quality for a Class of I/O Constrained Batch ProcessesRonghu Chi, Hao Liang, Na Lin, Ruikun Zhang and Biao Huang A data-driven optimal terminal iterative learning control approach is proposed for the end product quality control of batch processes with I/O hard constraints. A novel iterative dynamic linearization method without omitting any information of the original nonlinear plant is introduced to deal with nonlinearities. All the constraints on the system output, control input, and the change rate of input signals are transferred into a linear inequality. The optimal learning gain can be updated iteratively according to the I/O data to enhance the fl exibility for modifi cations and expansions of the controlled plant.

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Experimental methods in chemical engineering: X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy—XRD

et al. 2020

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X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis identifies the long-range order (ie, the structure) of crystalline materials and the short-range order of non-crystalline materials. From this information we deduce lattice constants and phases, average grain size, degree of crystallinity, and crystal defects. Advanced XRD provides information about strain, texture, crystalline symmetry, and electron density. When radiation impinges upon a solid, coherent scattering of the radiation by periodically spaced atoms results in scattered beams that produce spot patterns from single crystalline samples and ring patterns from polycrystalline samples. The pattern, intensities of the diffraction maxima (peaks or lines), and their position (Bragg angle θ or interplanar spacing d hkl ), correlate to a specific crystal structure. In 2016 and 2017 close to 100 000 articles mention XRD-more than any other analytical technique, and it was the top analytical technique of researchers that published in Can. J. Chem. Eng. A bibliographic analysis based on the Web of Science groups articles referring to XRD into five clusters: the largest cluster includes research on nanoparticles, thin films, and optical properties; composites, electro-chemistry, and synthesis are topics of the second largest cluster; crystal morphology and catalysis are next; photocatalysis and solar cells comprise the fourth largest cluster; and, waste water is among the topics of the cluster with the least number of occurrences. Researchers publishing in Can. J. Chem. Eng. focus most of the XRD analyses to characterize polymers, nanocomposite materials, and catalysts. K E Y W O R D Scrystallinity, Debye-Scherrer method, limit of quantification, nanoparticle, XRD

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Characterization of four petrologic end members from Alberta oil sands and comparison between different mines and sampling times

Cited by 7 publications

References 57 publications

Influence of Oil Sands Composition on Bitumen Quality During Non‐Aqueous Bitumen Extraction from the Athabasca Deposit

Influence of Oil Sands Composition on Bitumen Quality During Non‐Aqueous Bitumen Extraction from the Athabasca Deposit

Issue Highlights

Experimental methods in chemical engineering: X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy—XRD

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