Predicting the 10-year Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases and Its Relation to Healthy Diet Indicator in Iranian Military Personnel

Abstract

Background: epidemiological studies indicate increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among military personnel. Accordingly, identifying at-risk individuals and modifying lifestyle such as increasing the dietary quality can have inhibitory effects against this trend. The aim of the study was predicting the 10-year risk of CVD and its association with healthy diet indicator (HDI) among military personnel. Methods: the participants in this cross-sectional study included 400 male military personnel within the age range of 30-75 years. HDI score was calculated based on food frequency questionnaire, and the 10-year risk of CVD was evaluated using Framingham risk score (FRS). The FRS items include age, gender, total cholesterol, HDL-C, systolic blood pressure, status of diabetes and status of smoking. Partial correlation test was employed to investigate the relationship between Framingham risk score and HDI score.Results: the participants had the mean age and BMI of 38.67±5.3 year and 25.28±3.22 kg/m2, respectively. Prediction of Framingham risk was as follows: 96.5% were low risk, 2% were moderate risk, and 1.5% were high risk. The mean score of HDI index for the participants in this study was 5.98±1.36. Although HDI score did not show a significant relationship with FRS (r:0.028, p:0.575), increased dietary sodium intake led to a significant rise in Framingham risk score (r: 0.110, p:0.030).Conclusion: a wide range of participants (96.5%) had low risk of developing CVD in the next 10 years. Meanwhile, the FRS showed no significant relationship with HDI score. Further research is required to confirm the results of the present study.

Rising trends in the predicted 10-year risk of cardiovascular diseases among Royal Thai Army personnel from 2017 to 2021

“…However, our results indicated that the predicted 10-year risk of CVD in RTA personnel was higher than that among military personnel in other countries 18,19 . For instance, a related study on Iranian military personnel reported that the prevalence of intermediate-to-high predicted 10-year risk of CVD was 2.0% and 1.5% for intermediate and high levels, respectively 19 . On the other hand, the mean predicted 10-year risk of CVD among the militaries in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was 4.5 ± 4.2% 18 .…”

“…On the other hand, the mean predicted 10-year risk of CVD among the militaries in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was 4.5 ± 4.2% 18 . This finding may be attributed to the difference in established cardiovascular risk factors, both lifestyle and metabolic risk; for instance, the prevalence of current smokers among RTA personnel was approximately 30%, whereas it was 4.2% among Iranian military personnel 19 . Moreover, the average SBP and prevalence of diabetes among RTA personnel were also higher than those among military personnel in Iran 19 and Saudi Arabia 18 .…”

Cardiovascular Diseases as an Emergent Threat in Military Readiness Against State Defense; How to Handle and Overcome It

“…The study from AHA (American Heart Association) has shown a less ideal cardiovascular health in military personnel; this result is reinforced from another journal that emphasizes positive correlation with Framingham Risk Score (Parastouei, Sepandi, & Eskandari, 2021), from MIL-SCORE (Equalization of Accessibility to Cardiology Prophylaxis and Care for Professional Soldiers) program from Polish Army (Gielerak et al, 2020) and systematic review and meta-analysis has shown cardiovascular risk factor was estimated higher in military personnel (Baygi et al, 2020). Another study from the Iran Army shown risk factors including diabetes, hyperlipidemia, smoking, hypertension, and positive family history of CAD/Coronary Artery Disease enhance the probability of CAD as much as 79.2%, 77.3%, 67.7%, 64.1%, and 56.6% respectively (Mirzaeipour, Seyedmazhari, Pishgooie, & Hazaryan, 2019).…”