Predicting runoff-induced pesticide input in agricultural sub-catchment surface waters: linking catchment variables and contamination

Dabrowski, J.; Peall, Sue K. C.; Niekerk, Adriaan van; Reinecke, A. J.; Day, Jenny A.; Schulz, Ralf

doi:10.1016/s0043-1354(02)00234-8

Cited by 81 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The potential of runoff as a route of entry for pesticides and sediments input from agricultural fields into streams has been illustrated in a number of other studies (e.g. Wauchope, 1978;Readman et al, 1992;DeLorenzo et al, 1999;McDonald et al, 1999;Werner et al, 2000;Schulz, 2001;Schulz et al, 2001;Dabrowski et al, 2002b). Schulz (2001) and Nakano et al (2004) provide an overview of field studies undertaken in temperate latitudes that establish a relationship between runoff events and increased total suspended sediment and pesticide levels in a river by monitoring their residues in river water or sediments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use and Fate of Pesticides in Vegetable-Based Agro-Ecosystems in Ghana

Ntow¹

2008

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All rights reserved. No part of this publication or the information contained herein may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without written prior permission from the publishers. Although all care is taken to ensure integrity and the quality of this publication and the information herein, no responsibility is assumed by the publishers nor the author for any damage to the property or persons as a result of operation or use of this publication and/or the information contained herein.Published by: Taylor & Francis/Balkema PO Box 447, 2300 AK Leiden, The Netherlands e-mail: Pub. NL@tandf.co.uk www.balkema.nl, www.taylorandfrancis.co.uk, To the memory of Dr. Akosua Werekoa (aka Awo), this thesis is dedicated to her, my wife, Mrs Bernice Worlanyo Ntow and my parents, Francis Andrews Ntow andMargaret Kyei (Yaa Saah), whom God has used to bring me this far. Contents AcknowledgementsChapter 1 Introduction 1Chapter 2 Farmer perceptions and pesticide use practices in vegetable production in Ghana 9Chapter 3 Dissipation of endosulfan in field-grown tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and cropped soil at Akumadan 27Chapter 4The impact of agricultural runoff on the quality of two streams at Akumadan and Tono 43Chapter 5 Occupational exposure to pesticides: blood cholinesterase activity in farmers at Akumadan 57Chapter Introduction GeneralWorldwide pesticide usage has increased tremendously since the 1960s. It has largely been responsible for the "green revolution", i.e. the massive increase in food production obtained from the same surface of land with the help of mineral fertilisers (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), more efficient machinery and intensive irrigation. The use of pesticides helped to significantly reduce crop losses and to improve the yield of crops such as corn, maize, vegetables, potatoes and cotton. Notwithstanding the beneficial effects of pesticides, their adverse effects on environmental quality and human health have been well documented worldwide and constitute a major issue that gives rise to concerns at local, regional, national and global scales (Planas et al., 1997; Huber et al., 2000; Kidd et al., 2001; Cerejeira et al., 2003). Residues of pesticides contaminate soils and water, persist in the crops, enter the food chain, and finally are ingested by humans with foodstuffs and water. Furthermore, pesticides can be held responsible for contributing to biodiversity losses and deterioration of natural habitats (Sattler et al., 2006). There have been reported instances of pest resurgence, development of resistance to pesticides, secondary pest outbreaks and destruction of non-target species. Despite the fact that pesticides are also applied in other sectors, agriculture can undoubtedly be seen as the most important source of adverse effects (Hoyer and Kratz, 2001; cited in Sattler et al., 2006).The application of different pesticides varies with the region. For instance, in North Ameri...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use and Fate of Pesticides in Vegetable-Based Agro-Ecosystems in Ghana

Ntow¹

2008

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“…While a number of geographical and physico-chemical factors influence the movement of pesticides into surface waters, the quantity and rate of application of pesticides used (and by implication the relative application rate) in an area is the most important indicator of the potential for contamination of non-target environments. 30 In this respect, the maps provide important information, not only in terms of estimated application rates, but also in terms of identifying where in the country specific pesticides are most likely being applied. Integrating these data together with geographical data of slope, soil and climate in a GIS platform can significantly improve our ability to identify ground-and surface water resources at risk of pesticide exposure through leaching and run-off.…”

Section: Application Of Mapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of pesticide use maps for South Africa

Dabrowski¹

2015

S. Afr. J. Sci.

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Over 3000 pesticides are registered for use in South Africa. Many studies have highlighted the movement of pesticides to agricultural crops from the point of application into non-target environments, particularly surface and groundwater resources. Exposure to pesticides can lead to serious human health and environmental effects. It is therefore important to identify critical areas where specific pesticides may result in a high risk of exposure to humans or the environment. Crop specific pesticide use data were obtained from a market research company and integrated into a geographical information system detailing the distribution of agricultural crops in South Africa as determined by an agricultural census performed in 2002. By estimating the total application of a specific pesticide to all crops produced in a magisterial district, it was possible to generate maps which provide an estimate of the application rate of over 200 pesticides per magisterial district. These maps were intersected with an agricultural land-cover map to provide a refined map giving details of the spatial distribution of pesticide use across the country. These maps are the first of their kind in South Africa and provide a spatial overview of the likely distribution of specific active ingredients based on the distribution of crops throughout the country. While there are a number of limitations and uncertainties associated with the data used to produce these maps, these are not unique to South Africa, and similar methodologies have been applied in more developed countries.

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“…The effects of heavy metal and pesticide pollution and nutrient loading have been the subject of a variety of studies in the region, most notably using longitudinal investigations of freshwater systems or comparable kinds of space for time substitutions, although monitoring of abiotic variables stretches back to the early twentieth century (Davies & Day 1998;Dallas et al 1999;Dabrowski et al 2002;de Villiers 2007;de Villiers & Thiart 2007;Reinecke & Reinecke 2007;Chakona et al 2009;de Villiers & Mkwelo 2009 (de Villiers & Thiart 2007). A substantial programme of monitoring of river health in the country has been undertaken at least since the 1990s, including assessments both of abiotic variables and of changes in biota typically using a family-level, invertebratebased scoring system (the South African scoring system or SASS, Davies & Day 1998;Dallas et al 1999;Roux 2001).…”

Section: Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal biodiversity change in transformed landscapes: a southern African perspective

Chown

2010

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Landscape transformation by humans is virtually ubiquitous, with several suggestions being made that the world's biomes should now be classified according to the extent and nature of this transformation. Even those areas that are thought to have a relatively limited human footprint have experienced substantial biodiversity change. This is true of both marine and terrestrial systems of southern Africa, a region of high biodiversity and including several large conservation areas. Global change drivers have had substantial effects across many levels of the biological hierarchy as is demonstrated in this review, which focuses on terrestrial systems. Interactions among drivers, such as between climate change and invasion, and between changing fire regimes and invasion, are complicating attribution of change effects and management thereof. Likewise CO 2 fertilization is having a much larger impact on terrestrial systems than perhaps commonly acknowledged. Temporal changes in biodiversity, and the seeming failure of institutional attempts to address them, underline a growing polarization of world views, which is hampering efforts to address urgent conservation needs.

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Predicting runoff-induced pesticide input in agricultural sub-catchment surface waters: linking catchment variables and contamination

Cited by 81 publications

References 26 publications

The Use and Fate of Pesticides in Vegetable-Based Agro-Ecosystems in Ghana

The Use and Fate of Pesticides in Vegetable-Based Agro-Ecosystems in Ghana

Development of pesticide use maps for South Africa

Temporal biodiversity change in transformed landscapes: a southern African perspective

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