Predicting Premorbid Memory Functioning in Older Adults

Duff, Kevin

doi:10.1080/09084282.2010.525113

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…For example, we did not have the highest occupational status of our participants, but this may be another important factor in predicting test scores. Similarly, others have shown that premorbid intellect may be useful in predicting cognitive test scores (Crawford, Nelson, Blackmore, Cochrane, & Allan, 1990; Duff, 2010). Although years of education were included as a predictor variable, quality of education (Manly, Jacobs, Touradji, Small, & Stern, 2002) may be more useful.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Demographically corrected normative data for the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised in an elderly sample

Duff

2015

Applied Neuropsychology: Adult

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Demographic variables, such as age, education, and gender, routinely affect performance on neuropsychological tests. Whereas normative data is available to correct for these variables on many tests, it is lacking on the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test – Revised (HVLT-R) and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test –Revised (BVMT-R), especially in the elderly. The current study examines the influence of age, education, and gender on HVLT-R and BVMT-R scores in 290 cognitively intact older adults. Age negatively correlated with nearly every score on the HVLT-R and BVMT-R, and education positively correlated with most scores on these same two memory tests. There were fewer gender differences on these tests. Using stepwise multiple regression, HVLT-R and BVMT-R scores were predicted from age, education, and/or gender. When observed scores are compared to these demographically-adjusted predicted scores, clinicians can make assumptions about how an individual compared to his/her age, education, and gender-matched peers. The current co-norming of these two memory tests also allows for direct comparison between verbal and visual memory in older patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Demographically corrected normative data for the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised in an elderly sample

Duff

2015

Applied Neuropsychology: Adult

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“…Because baseline testing from earlier in life is generally lacking, demographically-based prediction equations have been developed to estimate premorbid intellectual levels (e.g., Barona, Reynolds & Chastain, 1984; Crawford et al, 1989; Griffin et al, 2001) [34-36]. Duff and colleagues [37, 38] have demonstrated that this approach can be extended to estimate premorbid memory abilities based on demographics and a measure of premorbid intellect; they further demonstrated that people with aMCI show significantly greater discrepancies between actual performance and estimated premorbid performance than cognitively healthy peers. Adopting a similar approach, we used linear regression to develop prediction equations to estimate premorbid functioning for each of the aMCI-related factors using a combination of demographic variables (age, gender, race (non-Hispanic Caucasian vs. other) and premorbid intellect.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Late Middle-Aged Adults in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention

Koscik

Rue

Jonaitis

et al. 2014

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

118

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Aim: It is difficult to reliably detect the earliest signs of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated cognitive impairment. Our aim was to compare 3 psychometric methods of identifying amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) in a middle-aged longitudinal cohort enriched for AD risk. Methods: Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention (WRAP) participants with 3 waves of cognitive assessment over approximately 6 years were coded as meeting each of 3 psychometric aMCI definitions: (a) ‘aMCI standard-baseline' used published norms to establish cutoffs for baseline performance; (b) ‘aMCI robust-baseline' applied WRAP-specific robust norms to baseline, and (c) ‘aMCI robust-multiwave' applied these robust norms across 3 waves of assessment. Each group was compared to a cognitively healthy subset. Results: Half the aMCI standard-baseline and one third of the aMCI robust-baseline group reverted to normal ranges at follow-up. Only the aMCI robust-multiwave method had an aMCI × age interaction showing significantly worse age-related memory declines in the aMCI group compared to the cognitively healthy group over 6 years of follow-up. Conclusion: Both cross-sectional methods showed instability over time, with many reverting to normal performance after baseline. The multiwave approach identified a group who showed progressive memory declines over 3 visits. Being able to detect progressive decline in late middle age is a critical step in improving prevention efforts.

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“…These findings also lead to other empirical questions: Do WRAT4-WR and FSIQ discrepancies have relationships with other findings indicative of cognitive compromise? Are WRAT4-WR premorbid ability estimates useful in predicting performance in other domains like memory (Duff, 2010) or executive function? Considering the role of TOPF-based premorbid ability estimates, it would behoove the field if the additional technical information were made publicly available to allow independent examination and cross-validation of the prediction models.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating Premorbid Ability in Rehabilitation Patients Using the Test of Premorbid Functioning and Wide Range Achievement Test–Fourth Edition

2019

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Objective: This study examined premorbid ability estimate concordance using Test of Premorbid Functioning predicted Full Scale Intelligent Quotient (TOPF-IQ) and Wide Range Achievement Test–Fourth Edition Word Reading (WRAT4-WR). Method: The sample ( N = 145) was 28% female with average age and education of 40.6 and 13.2 years, respectively. Outpatient neuropsychological evaluations were conducted in a rehabilitation setting. Measures included the TOPF, WRAT4-WR, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Fourth Edition, and other neuropsychological tests. Non-WAIS measures defined impairment groups. Analyses included t tests, pairwise correlations, concordance correlation coefficients, and root mean square differences. Results: TOPF-IQ, WRAT4-WR, and Full Scale Intelligent Quotient scores were not significantly different but were lower than normative mean. TOPF-IQ and WRAT4-WR showed acceptable agreement (concordance correlation coefficient = .92; root mean square difference = 5.9). Greater premorbid–current ability differences were observed in the impaired group. TOPF-IQ and WRAT4-WR showed lower but similar agreement with Full Scale Intelligence Quotient in the unimpaired group. Conclusions: Findings support the WRAT4-WR in predicting premorbid ability in rehabilitation settings.

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Predicting Premorbid Memory Functioning in Older Adults

Cited by 17 publications

References 35 publications

Demographically corrected normative data for the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised in an elderly sample

Demographically corrected normative data for the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised in an elderly sample

Emergence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Late Middle-Aged Adults in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention

Estimating Premorbid Ability in Rehabilitation Patients Using the Test of Premorbid Functioning and Wide Range Achievement Test–Fourth Edition

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