Demographically corrected normative data for the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised in an elderly sample

Duff, Kevin

doi:10.1080/23279095.2015.1030019

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Both level of education and age were significantly related to performance on most models, which is not a surprising finding in light of well-established work in this area Duff, 2016;Kuslansky et al, 2004;Rivera et al, 2015;Strauss et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Normative data for test of learning and memory in an ecuadorian adult population

Rodríguez-Lorenzana

Núñez-Fernández

Díaz

et al. 2020

The Clinical Neuropsychologist

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Objective: The objective of this study was to develop norms for two neuropsychological tests of learning and memory in an Ecuadorian adult population. Method: 322 healthy individuals, ages between 18 and 84, were enrolled in the Metropolitan District of Quito. Participants were administered a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation that included tests of learning and memory (Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test [ROCF] and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised [HVLT-R]). Backward stepwise multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the influence of demographic variables age, education, and gender on test performance. Normative data was developed adjusting for demographic variables found to be significant in the final regression models. Results: The final multiple linear models revealed performance on tests of learning and memory worsened with age and improved as a function of education. A user-friendly Excel-based calculator is presented to calculate the z score and percentile automatically based on raw score and sociodemographic information. Conclusion: This is the first study that presents normative data for tests of learning and memory for an adult population in Ecuador. It is expected that these norms will help to improve the clinical practice of neuropsychology in Ecuador by limiting erroneous raw score interpretation and incrementing diagnostic accuracy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Normative data for test of learning and memory in an ecuadorian adult population

Rodríguez-Lorenzana

Núñez-Fernández

Díaz

et al. 2020

The Clinical Neuropsychologist

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“…Neurocognitive impairment was classified as mild to moderate (T score, 30-39 [ie, 1-2 SDs below the normative mean]), moderate to severe (T score, ≤29 [ie, >2 SDs below the normative mean]), or unimpaired (T score, >39 [ie, <1 SD below the normative mean]). For the CFQ, cutoff values were used to categorize the scores as very low (≤9), low (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), average (21-43), high (44-54), or very high (≥55). 23 For the SHI, a previously established cutoff value of 6 was used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Neurocognitive Impairment and Speech Functioning Before Head and Neck Cancer Treatment

Piai

Prins²,

Leeuw

et al. 2019

JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg

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IMPORTANCE Head and neck cancer (HNC) and its treatment may negatively alter neurocognitive and speech functioning. However, the prevalence of neurocognitive impairment among patients with HNC before treatment is poorly studied, and the association between neurocognitive and speech functioning is unknown, which hampers good interpretability of the effect of HNC treatment on neurocognitive and speech function.OBJECTIVES To document neurocognitive functioning in patients with HNC before treatment and to investigate the association between neurocognitive and speech functioning. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Prospective cohort study of newly diagnosed patients with HNC before treatment using a large sample obtained in a nationwide, multicenter setting (Netherlands Quality of Life and Biomedical Cohort Study in Head and Neck Cancer [NET-QUBIC] project). MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURESObjective neuropsychological measures of delayed recall, letter fluency, and executive functioning, as well as patient-reported outcome measures on neurocognitive speech and functioning, were collected before treatment. RESULTSIn total, 254 patients with HNC participated (71.7% male), with a mean (SD) age of 62 (10) years. The response rate ranged from 81.9% (208 of 254) to 84.6% (215 of 254). Objective neurocognitive measures indicated that 4.7% (10 of 212) to 15.0% (32 of 214) of patients were initially seen with moderate to severe cognitive impairment. Mild to moderate impairment was found in 12.3% (26 of 212) to 26.2% (56 of 214) of patients. The most altered domains were delayed recall and letter fluency. Seven percent (15 of 208) of the patients reported high levels of everyday neurocognitive failure, and 42.6% (89 of 209) reported speech problems. Objective neurocognitive function was not significantly associated with patient-reported neurocognitive or speech functioning, but the results from patient-reported outcome measures were significantly correlated. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEResults of this study demonstrate a high prevalence of impaired speech functioning among patients with HNC before treatment, which is in line with previous findings. A novel finding is that neurocognitive impairment is also highly prevalent as objectively measured and as self-perceived. Understanding the reason why patients with HNC are initially seen with neurocognitive impairment before the start of treatment is important because this impairment may complicate patient-clinician interaction and alter treatment adherence and because treatment itself may further worsen cognitive functioning. In addition, low self-perceived neurocognitive and speech functioning before treatment may decrease a patient's confidence in communicative participation and perceived quality of life. Disentangling the associations between objective and patient-reported neurocognitive and speech functions is an important area for future research.

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“…The study included the following 9 neuropsychological test scores and 3 neuropsychological process scores (Table 1), which were widely used in the uniform data set and a sample of the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative cognitively normal participants. We only replaced AVLT with a shorter word list and less repetitious HVLT-R [19, 22], which is a 12-item (4 words from 3 semantic categories) word list learning and memory test that includes 3 learning trials (List A, Trials 1–3), an interference trial with a different list (List B), a short-delay free recall (Trial 4) for List A, a long-delay free recall (Trial 5) for List A performed 25 min later, and delayed recognition of 24 words (i.e., 12 List A words: 6 “same” categories of related non-List A words and 6 “other” categories of unrelated words). The delayed free correct responses and HVLT-R recognition scores were used for memory assessment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographically Corrected Normative Z Scores on the Neuropsychological Test Battery in Cognitively Normal Older Chinese Adults

Ruan

Xiao²,

Gong

et al. 2020

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Background: Subjective questionnaires used for the diagnosis of pre-mild cognitive impairment (pre-MCI) and conventional criteria for MCI might mainly result in false-positive diagnostic errors. The integrated criteria based on demographically adjusted total and process Z scores on neuropsychological tests have been validated to be sensitive for measuring pre-MCI, MCI, and MCI subtypes. However, the underrepresentativity of Chinese populations and the complexity in some tests limit the use of the established Z scores in the elderly Chinese population. Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a useful Z score calculator to assess individual cognitive performance after adjustment of the scores on each of the neuropsychological tests according to sex, age, and education and to establish preliminary norms for the objective assessment of cognition function in elderly Chinese individuals. Methods: The neuropsychological test battery consists of measures of performance on different cognitive domains, including episodic memory, language, executive function, processing speed, and attention. Data were obtained from 220 clinically cognitively normal Chinese volunteers aged 60 years or older from the cohort of the Shanghai study of health promotion among frail elderly individuals. Regression models were used to investigate the impact of age, education, and sex on test scores. Z scores were estimated for the different scores by subtracting the predicted mean from the raw score and dividing it by the root mean square error term for any given linear regression model. Results: Preliminary analyses indicated that age, sex, or level of education significantly affected test scores. A series of linear regression models was constructed for all instruments, i.e.: the Trail-Making Test A and B, to assess executive function or attention; the Boston Naming Test and animal list generation, to assess language; delayed free correct responses and the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) recognition, as well as three process scores, i.e., intrusion errors, learning slope, and retroactive interference, from the HVLT-R, to assess memory, by adjusting for the covariates of age, sex, and level of education concurrently. The Z scores on all neuropsychological tests were estimated based on the corresponding regression coefficients. Conclusions: We constructed a multivariable regression-based normative Z score method for the measurement of cognition among older Chinese individuals in the community. The normative score will be useful for the accurate diagnosis of different subtypes of pre-MCI and MCI after preliminary rapid screening in the community.

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Demographically corrected normative data for the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised in an elderly sample

Cited by 22 publications

References 12 publications

Normative data for test of learning and memory in an ecuadorian adult population

Normative data for test of learning and memory in an ecuadorian adult population

Assessment of Neurocognitive Impairment and Speech Functioning Before Head and Neck Cancer Treatment

Demographically Corrected Normative <b><i>Z</i></b> Scores on the Neuropsychological Test Battery in Cognitively Normal Older Chinese Adults

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