Predicting Premorbid Ability for WAIS–IV, WMS–IV and WASI–II

Holdnack, James A.; Schoenberg, Mike R.; Lange, Rael T.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-386934-0.00005-5

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Estimated premorbid scores were derived from the score on the Test of Premorbid Functioning (TOPF) (Wechsler 2011), along with demographic information (gender, years of education). The TOPF requires the reading and pronunciation (but not comprehension) of words with irregular grapheme-to-phoneme translation, which is relatively well preserved in early dementia (Holdnack et al 2013). The TOPF was validated as part of the wider WAIS-IV/WMS-IV UK validation process, which included a group study of people with probable Alzheimer's disease.…”

Section: Test Of Premorbid Functioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Dementia on Mindful Attention: a Cross-Sectional Comparison of People with Dementia and Those Without

Bousfield

Stott

2018

Mindfulness

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Mindfulness-based interventions have been suggested as ways of improving mood and cognition in people with dementia. Existing findings suggest possible benefit from a mindfulness-based group intervention. However, it is unclear whether any structured group activity (rather than mindfulness practice per se) would produce the same benefits, particularly since dementia may impact mindful attention ability. Consequently, we investigated the potential impact of having dementia on mindful attention. We compared the performance of 34 people with dementia recruited from memory services with 55 communityrecruited older people on measures of mindful attention, cognitive flexibility, and cognition, as well as putative nuisance variates of depression, anxiety and premorbid intellectual ability. The groups differed significantly on a range of demographic characteristics and some neuropsychological and mood measures. However, neither the primary prediction (that there would be a large effect size difference between groups, with people with dementia performing significantly more poorly on a measure of mindful attention to the breath), nor the secondary prediction (that performance on this measure would positively correlate with measures of executive function and overall cognition) was supported. We concluded that a diagnosis of dementia may not have a large effect on mindful attention, with consequent implications for future research.

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Section: Test Of Premorbid Functioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Dementia on Mindful Attention: a Cross-Sectional Comparison of People with Dementia and Those Without

Bousfield

Stott

2018

Mindfulness

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“…In particular, it is crucial to determine the degree of current cognitive impairment within specific cognitive domains compared with premorbid cognitive function [11]. Therefore, developing an assessment tool to determine the degree of current cognitive impairment and to estimate the level of premorbid cognitive function is important [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Decline in Korean Patients with Neurocognitive Disorder due to Traumatic Brain Injury: A Control for Premorbid Intelligence

Hwang

Soh

Lee

et al. 2019

Psychiatry Investig

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ObjectivePrevious studies of cognitive decline in patients with neurocognitive disorder due to traumatic brain injury (NCD-TBI) have often failed to control for baseline factors such as premorbid intelligence. The purpose of the current study was to estimate and compare cognitive function among three groups (controls, complicated mild/moderate TBI, and severe TBI) after controlling for premorbid intelligence. MethodsSeverity of TBI was classified as complicated mild/moderate or severe based on duration of loss of consciousness and brain neuroimaging results. Premorbid intelligence quotients (IQs) were estimated with the Oklahoma Premorbid Intelligence Estimate. There were no differences in premorbid intelligence between the groups, which were also matched for age and education. Current cognitive function was evaluated with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition. ResultsComparison of current cognitive function among the three groups indicated significant group differences for all indexes and subtest scores. Processing speed showed the highest effect size. However, only working memory differed significantly between the two NCD-TBI groups. ConclusionThe present findings suggest that mental memory manipulation processes seem to be more sensitive to TBI severity than are perceptual-motor processes. Specifically, both auditory rehearsal/discrimination and mental alertness/manipulation will be most strongly influenced by TBI severity.

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“…Reading tests offer some advantages to demographic models of premorbid ability, including: a higher correlation with cognitive ability (e.g., better predictive accuracy), estimation based on individual performance data and not group membership (Holdnack, Schoenberg, Lange, et al, 2013; Pearson, 2001; Reynolds, 1997), and not being subject to verification issues (Johnson-Greene, Dehring, Adams, 1997). For some individuals, literacy level is a better estimate of ability because of historical inequality of educational experiences may limit the applicability of education level as an indicator of premorbid ability (Manly, Jacobs, Touradji,et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For some individuals, literacy level is a better estimate of ability because of historical inequality of educational experiences may limit the applicability of education level as an indicator of premorbid ability (Manly, Jacobs, Touradji,et al, 2002). Combined demographic-and-reading approaches have been recommended as a way to overcome the limitations of each method in isolation (Holdnack et al, 2013; Pearson 2001, 2009; Reynolds, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because most normative samples for cognitive tests do not have sufficient cases to create ability distributions (e.g. cumulative frequencies, means, standard deviations, and skew) at each level of the reference population, these parameters are estimated using various linear and non-linear regression models (Casaletto, Umlauf, Beaumont, et al, 2015; Holdnack et al, 2013; Taylor & Heaton, 2001). In clinical practice, after an estimate of pre-injury cognitive ability has been determined, either through demographic means or by administration of a hold test, the premorbid estimate can then be used for interpretation of the amount of cognitive impairment likely due to brain injury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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NIH toolbox premorbid ability adjustments: Application in a traumatic brain injury sample.

Holdnack¹,

Tulsky²,

Slotkin³

et al. 2017

Rehabilitation Psychology

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Purpose/Objective Metrics to estimate premorbid cognitive ability, such as word reading tests, are important for clinical determination of cognitive changes following brain injury. In the present study, reading adjusted scores for the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) fluid tests were developed and validated with a sample of individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI), to evaluate the clinical utility of reading-adjusted scores. Research Method/Design The development sample included 843 adult participants, ages 20–85, from the NIHTB-CB standardization sample. A sample of 158 participants with complicated mild or moderate TBI (n = 74) or severe TBI (n = 84) were administered the NIHTB-CB, and comprised the validation sample. Scores were derived for the five fluid tests using four adjustment models: age-only, demographic-only, age-and-reading, and demographic-and-reading referenced scores. Results Estimated premorbid ability varies depending on the reference model. Scores from each of the four reference models differentiated the comparison and TBI samples at the group level. However, performance varied by premorbid ability. Conclusions/Implications Premorbid ability affects identification of cognitive difficulties after TBI. Reading referenced scores provide an individualized estimate of the effects of premorbid ability than demographic characteristics alone. Each model identified a similar number of individuals as having cognitive difficulties; however, the models differed on which individuals had cognitive difficulties. The models had higher disagreement rates in the clinical compared to the comparison sample, particularly for individuals with lower premorbid ability. Clinical use and caveats are discussed.

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Predicting Premorbid Ability for WAIS–IV, WMS–IV and WASI–II

Cited by 25 publications

References 38 publications

Impact of Dementia on Mindful Attention: a Cross-Sectional Comparison of People with Dementia and Those Without

Impact of Dementia on Mindful Attention: a Cross-Sectional Comparison of People with Dementia and Those Without

Cognitive Decline in Korean Patients with Neurocognitive Disorder due to Traumatic Brain Injury: A Control for Premorbid Intelligence

NIH toolbox premorbid ability adjustments: Application in a traumatic brain injury sample.

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